Acute urinary tract infection elicits bladder afferent hypersensitivity.

•We explored the neurophysiology underlying painful bladder sensations during UTI.•UTI induces significant bladder afferent hypersensitivity during distension.•Low-threshold afferents elicit exaggerated responses at normal bladder pressures.

Mutational analysis of the hexose transporter of Plasmodium falciparum and development of a three-dimensional model.

Plasmodium falciparum infection kills more than 1 million children annually. Novel drug targets are urgently being sought as multidrug resistance limits the range of treatment options for this protozoan pathogen. PfHT1, the major hexose transporter of P.

Prescribing guidelines based on a flexible scope of practice.

Nurse practitioners (NPs) are in demand nationwide as primary care providers both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Lack of prescriptive privileges and/or a narrow scope of practice can be practice limiting. This article provides a written template for prescribing authority, generic scope of practice, and furnishing policy, including evaluative process, for nurse practitioners who wish to obtain prescriptive privileges.

Expanding nurse practitioner scope of practice within the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System.

Healthcare priorities and use have changed dramatically over the last several years. Expansion of the nurse practitioner (NP) role has been a hallmark of the restructuring efforts, which have emphasized primary care and the use of nonphysician specialists. NPs are practicing in a wider range of settings than ever before, including acute hospital settings, outpatient clinics, and specialty services.

Intrusions in Alzheimer's disease in immediate and delayed memory as a function of presentation modality.

Young and elderly participants, and participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared via the suffix paradigm, where a not-to-be-recalled item is appended onto sequences to be immediately recalled. This task was followed by delayed tasks. In immediate recall, AD subjects showed both extralist and suffix intrusions.

Suffix effects and intrusion errors in young and elderly subjects.

Potential age differences in selective attention and response inhibition in 16 young and 16 elderly college students were explored using the stimulus suffix paradigm. Subjects were presented with auditory and visual lists of seven-letter sequences. Half the lists were appended with a letter suffix that was not to be recalled.

The epidemiology of AIDS in Tarrant County from 1982 through 1992.

From 1982 through 1992, the Fort Worth-Tarrant County Health Departments monitored the AIDS epidemic in 1080 cases. Vital records and surveillance data were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS in Tarrant County by age, risk, racial/ethnic, sex, and geographic factors. The study found that the male-to-female ratio of cases was 12:1, that incidence among blacks was nearly twice that in whites and Hispanics, that the incidence rate was highest in the group aged 30 through 39 years, and that transmission patterns differed dramatically among zip codes, particularly affecting the poorest and the affluent in Fort Worth.

Similarity ratings and confusability of lipread consonants compared with similarity ratings of auditory and orthographic stimuli.

Similarity ratings of pairs of lipread consonants were obtained using a 5-point scale. Matrices were constructed showing mean similarity ratings and confusions among stimuli. Both the similarity and the confusion data provide normative data useful for researchers in many areas.

The effects of recoding and presentation format on recency and suffix effects.

The primary linguistic theory of Shand and Klima (1981) hypothesizes that stimuli that cannot be directly processed without recoding are not in the primary linguistic mode of the subject and thus should lead to lesser recency and associated suffix effects. In three experiments, different normal hearing subjects learned to pair American Sign Language (ASL) stimuli, visual "quasivocables" (QVs), word-like letter strings, and auditory QVs with common English words. In the first experiment, the subjects were given sequences of ASL or QV stimuli and required to recall the associated words in strict serial order.

Visual and auditory modality and suffix effects in young and elderly adults.

Research has shown that elderly as compared with young adults show relative deficits both in processing visually as compared with auditorily presented stimuli and in tasks having attentional components. In this study, visual and auditory presentation was compared in young and elderly adults using the suffix paradigm in which the control condition involves immediate serial recall and the experimental condition, a suffix, a not-to-be-remembered final item. The standard finding in this paradigm is called the modality effect, superior auditory as compared with visual performance in the control condition which is localized at the end of the sequence.

Recency and suffix effects in pictures as a function of recall method.

Two studies compared recency and suffix effects in pictures. In Experiment 1, which used strict serial recall, the recall curve for the control condition fell sharply until the final position when it exhibited a small but significant amount of recency. No suffix effects were present.

Effects of visual and tactual stimulus presentation on learning two-choice patterned and semirandom sequences.

Three experiments compared the effects of visual and tactual stimulus presentation in two-choice sequential learning situations requiring a predictive response. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects received a five- or six-unit repeating pattern; in Experiment 3, they received a semirandom sequence. Tactual as compared to visual stimulus presentation resulted in less trials to criterion in predicting a repearing pattern and in earlier frequency matching in predicting a semirandom sequence.