Handling Severe Intraoperative Hemorrhage and Avoiding Iatrogenic Stroke During Brain Tumor Surgery: Techniques for Prevention of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Complications.

Background: Nationwide databases show that iatrogenic stroke and postoperative hematoma are among the commonest complications in brain tumor surgery, with a 10-year incidence of 16.3/1000 and 10.3/1000, respectively.

Intraoperative stimulation mapping of thalamocortical tracts in asleep and awake settings: novel electrophysiological, anatomical, and tractographic paradigms.

Objective: Despite the disabling deficits of motor apraxia and sensory ataxia resulting from intraoperative injury of the superior thalamocortical tracts (TCTs), region-specific electrophysiological localization is currently lacking. Herein, the authors describe a novel TCT mapping paradigm.

Methods: Three patients, 1 asleep and 2 awake, underwent glioma resection affecting primarily the somatosensory cortex and underlying TCT.

Resection of Ependymomas Infiltrating the Fourth Ventricular Floor: Anatomosurgical and Stimulation Mapping Techniques.

Background: Despite the importance of complete, gross total resection (GTR) of fourth ventricular ependymomas, significant morbidity and/or subtotal resections are reported, particularly when the ventricular floor is infiltrated. Step-by-step technique descriptions are lacking in the literature.

Objective: To describe monitoring and stimulation mapping techniques and surgical nuances in the challenging subgroup of infiltrating fourth ventricular ependymomas by a highly illustrated, step-by-step description.