The effect of goal-directed fluid therapy on delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common post-operative complication with potential long-term sequelae for many kidney transplant recipients, and hemodynamic factors and fluid status play a role. Fixed perioperative fluid infusions are the standard of care, but more recent evidence in the non-transplant population has suggested benefit with goal-directed fluid strategies based on hemodynamic targets. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry and Google Scholar through December 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing risk of DGF between goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy in adults receiving a living or deceased donor kidney transplant.

How much do smear-negative patients really contribute to tuberculosis transmissions? Re-examining an old question with new tools.

Background: Sputum smear microscopy is a common surrogate for tuberculosis infectiousness. Previous estimates that smear-negative patients contribute 13-20% of transmissions and are, on average, 20 to 25% as infectious as smear-positive cases are understood to be high. Herein, we use an ideal real-world setting, a comprehensive dataset, and new high-resolution techniques to more accurately estimate the true transmission risk of smear-negative cases.

An comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation techniques in root canals infected with .

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of irrigation with the negative pressure and the traditional positive pressure in eradicating from the root canal.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 extracted mandibular premolars were sterilized and divided into four groups with 10 samples each. Then, they were prepared to apical size #35 (Group 1, 3) and 45 (Group 2, 4) and inoculated with E.