Trabecular bone score norms in Asian-Indians and associations with serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone.

Objective: There is limited information on population-specific norms of trabecular-bone-score (TBS) and its associated factors. Here, we provide norms of TBS in Asian-Indians and its relationship with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and intact-parathyroid hormone (iPTH).

Participants And Measurements: TBS, bone-mineral-density (BMD), and vertebral-fractures (VFs) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 923 healthy Asian-Indians (aged 20-60 years).

Folic Acid-Fortified Iodized Salt and Serum Folate Levels in Reproductive-Aged Women of Rural India: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: India has a disproportionately high prevalence of neural tube defects, including spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA), causing a high number of stillbirths, elective pregnancy terminations, and child mortality; India contributes a large proportion of the global burden of SBA. Thirty years after folic acid was shown to be effective in reducing SBA prevalence, only about one-quarter of such births are prevented globally through cereal grain fortification.

Objective: To determine the association of folic acid-fortified iodized salt with serum folate concentrations among nonpregnant and nonlactating women of reproductive age.

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA, THE GREAT MASQUERADER, PRESENTING AS REVERSIBLE CARDIOMYOPATHY: .

Background: Pheochromocytoma, the great masquerader, can have a varied spectrum of clinical manifestations. It can often cause a diagnostic challenge despite the availability of modern investigation modalities.

Case: We present the case of a 38-year-old male who presented with uncontrolled hypertension for the past 10 years and heart failure for one year.

Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Neck Mass: A Case Report.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm that accounts for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The management of parathyroid carcinoma is a challenge due to the high rate of local recurrence of the tumour. We report the case of a middle-aged north Indian woman who presented with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid carcinoma.

Bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density in Graves' disease.

Objectives: Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis. There are many studies that have evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) in Graves' disease. However, the strength of a bone also depends on its microarchitecture which can be assessed by various techniques.

Epigenetics of the Pathogenesis and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has widened our knowledge of various aspects of the disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the important epigenetic changes implicated in the disease risks, pathogenesis, complications and the evolution of therapeutics in our current understanding of T2DM. Studies published in the past 15 years, from 2007 to 2022, from three primary platforms namely PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct were included.

Multiple micronutrients fortified salt: consumers' acceptability survey, Tanzania.

Background: Food fortification with micronutrients is an insufficiently used technology in developing countries. Salt is consumed in small, constant daily amounts by most people globally. Salt has been instrumental in delivering iodine to a wide population globally through fortification.

Diabetic Cheiroarthropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Coeliac Disease.

Diabetes mellitus can be associated with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. Diabetic cheiroarthropathy or diabetic hand syndrome is one of the complications encountered in long-standing uncontrolled diabetes. It is characterized by limited movement of the joints of the hands along with thickening of the skin on the palmar and dorsal surfaces.

gene associated postprandial triglyceride dysmetabolism- a novel mechanism for diabetes risk among Asian Indians.

Aim: gene is believed to increase the risk of T2DM by its effects on insulin secretion. However, the exact mechanism of this enhanced risk is not clearly known. While gene has been shown to affect lipid metabolism, these effects have remained largely unexplored in the context of diabetes risk.

Vertebral fractures, trabecular bone score and their determinants in chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Purpose: Patients with hypoparathyroidism are at risk of vertebral fractures (VFs) despite high bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated this paradox by assessing trabecular bone score (TBS) and hip structural analysis (HSA) in non-surgical chronic hypoparathyroidism (cHypoPT) with and without VFs.

Methods: 152 cHypoPT patients (age 40.

Sensory Trial of Quintuple Fortified Salt-Salt Fortified With Iodine, Iron, Folic Acid, Vitamin B, and Zinc-Among Consumers in New Delhi, India.

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are a cause of significant public health burden and loss of gross domestic product, especially in developing countries. Multiple fortified salt can potentially address this challenge at scale and in a cost-effective manner.

Objective: This laboratory-based sensory trial evaluated the acceptability of quintuple fortified salt (QFS), that is, iodized salt (IS) fortified with additional 4 micronutrients: iron, folic acid, vitamin B, and zinc.

A practical guidance on the use of intravenous insulin infusion for management of inpatient hyperglycemia: Intravenous Insulin Infusion for Management of Inpatient Hyperglycemia.

Background: We aim to provide a practical guidance on the use of intravenous insulin infusion for managing inpatient hyperglycemia.

Methods And Results: This document was formulated based on the review of available literature and personal experience of authors. We have used various case scenarios to illustrate variables which should be taken into account when deciding adjustments in infusion rate, including but not restricted to ambient blood glucose level and magnitude of blood glucose change in the previous hour.

Key Considerations for Policymakers-Iodized Salt as a Vehicle for Iron Fortification: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps.

Could DFS help prevent iron deficiency and anemia? Studies in controlled settings (efficacy) demonstrate that double-fortified salt (DFS; iron added to iodized salt) reduces the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Studies in program settings (effectiveness) are limited and reported differing levels of DFS coverage, resulting in mixed evidence of impact on anemia. What iron formulations are available and how do they affect iodized salt? Ferrous sulfate and encapsulated ferrous fumarate (both with various enhancers and/or coating materials) are the main iron formulations currently in use for DFS.

Impact of Double-Fortified Salt with Iron and Iodine on Hemoglobin, Anemia, and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Double-fortified salt (DFS) containing iron and iodine has been proposed as a feasible and cost-effective alternative for iron fortification in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials to 1) assess the effect of DFS on biomarkers of iron status and the risk of anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 2) evaluate differential effects of DFS by study type (efficacy or effectiveness), population subgroups, iron formulation (ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and ferric pyrophosphate), iron concentration, duration of intervention, and study quality. A systematic search with the use of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and other sources identified 221 articles.

An Unusual Presentation of Dengue Fever: Association with Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis.

Association of dengue fever with transverse myelitis in the form of extensive spinal cord involvement is a rare entity described in the literature. We describe a middle-aged man who presented with dengue fever and in whom weakness of the bilateral lower limbs and urinary incontinence developed on the third day of fever. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.

The politics of reducing malnutrition: building commitment and accelerating progress.

In the past 5 years, political discourse about the challenge of undernutrition has increased substantially at national and international levels and has led to stated commitments from many national governments, international organisations, and donors. The Scaling Up Nutrition movement has both driven, and been driven by, this developing momentum. Harmonisation has increased among stakeholders, with regard to their understanding of the main causes of malnutrition and to the various options for addressing it.