Serum MicroRNAs as Predictors of Diagnosis and Drug-resistance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of refractory focal epilepsy, and the current clinical diagnosis is based on EEG, clinical neurological history and neuroimaging findings.

Methods: So far, there are no blood-based molecular biomarkers of TLE to support clinical diagnosis, despite the pathogenic mechanisms underlying TLE involving defects in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.

A Comprehensive Examination of the Role of Epigenetic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis.

According to various research, the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly influenced by genetic variations. Population, familial, and molecular studies provide strong empirical support for a polygenic pattern of inheritance, mainly due to relatively common allelic variants in the general population. The strongest MS susceptibility locus, which was unmistakably identified in tested populations, is the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21.

Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Their Significance in the Development and Possible Applications as Therapeutic Agents and Biomarkers.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are "micro-shuttles" that play a role as mediators of intercellular communication. Cells release EVs into the extracellular environment in both physiological and pathological conditions and are involved in intercellular communication, due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and in the modulation of the immune system and neuroinflammation. Because EVs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and move from the central nervous system to the peripheral circulation, and vice versa, recent studies have shown a substantial role for EVs in several neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS).

Laser Melting of Mechanically Alloyed FeNi: A Study of the Correlation between Microstructure and Texture with Magnetic and Physical Properties.

The current study attempts to establish the interrelation between microstructure and magnetic properties induced during laser melting of the FeNi alloy. This study demonstrates the optimization of laser parameters for defect-free, uniform, and chemically homogeneous FeNi alloy synthesis. Mechanically alloyed FeNi (50-50 atom %) powders obtained after 12 and 24 h milling, with average particle sizes of 15 and 7 μm, were used as starting materials.

The impact of engineered nickel oxide nanoparticles on ascorbate glutathione cycle in L.

Unlabelled: Engineered nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO-NP) can inflict significant damages on exposed plants, even though very little is known about the . The present study investigated effects of NiO-NP on the crucial stress alleviation mechanism Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle (Asa-GSH cycle) in the model plant . Cellular contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG), was disturbed upon NiO-NP exposure.

Dynamic changes in global methylation and plant cell death mechanism in response to NiO nanoparticles.

This report is a first comprehensive work on the potential of engineered nickel oxide nanoparticles affecting the epigenome and modulating global methylation leading to retention of transgenerational footprints. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) are known to instigate extensive phenotypic and physiological damage to plants. In the present work, it was shown that exposure to increasing concentrations of NiO-NP-induced cell death cascades in model systems, Allium cepa and tobacco BY-2 cells.

Circulating miRNAs in progressive supranuclear palsy: Recent evidence and future challenges.

Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of microRNA (miRNAs) in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the miRNA profiles in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients have been rarely reported. Recent evidence suggested a possible role of some dysregulated miRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PSP patients in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Non-Coding RNAs: New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy; it is considered a network disorder associated with structural changes. Incomplete knowledge of the pathological changes in TLE complicates a therapeutic approach; indeed, 30 to 50% of patients with TLE are refractory to drug treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), acting as epigenetic factors, participate in the regulation of the pathophysiological processes of epilepsy and are dysregulated during epileptogenesis.

Hyper-religiosity and visual hallucinations in a patient with frontotemporal dementia carrying a double variant in GRN gene.

: Hyper-religiosity has been reported in patients affected by frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with asymmetrical, predominantly right-sided frontotemporal atrophy. : We report a FTD patient carrying a double genetic variant (p.Cys139Arg and c.

Roles of Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 5%of the elderly population. Currently, the diagnosis of PD is mainly based on clinical features and no definitive diagnostic biomarkers have been identified. The discovery of biomarkers at the earliest stages of PD is of extreme interest.

Silicon augments salt tolerance through modulation of polyamine and GABA metabolism in two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars.

Polyamines (PA) have multifarious roles in plant-environment interaction and stress responses. In conjunction with GABA shunt, they regulate induction of tolerance under salinity stress in plants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that silicon improves salt tolerance through mediating vital metabolic pathways rather than acting as a mere mechanical barrier.

Effect of Engineered Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle on Reactive Oxygen Species-Nitric Oxide Interplay in the Roots of L.

Scientists anxiously follow instances of heavy metals augmenting in the environment and undergoing bioaccumulation and trace their biomagnification across food webs, wary of their potent toxicity on biological entities. Engineered nanoparticles supplement natural pools of respective heavy metals and can mimic their effects, exerting toxicity at higher concentrations. Thus, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanism of this precarious interaction is mandatory.

Circulating microRNA: The Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers to Predict Drug Resistance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, a Pilot Study.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have emerged as new potential epigenetic biomarkers. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of six circulating miRNA previously described in the literature as biomarkers for the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and/or as predictive biomarkers to antiepileptic drug response. We measured the differences in serum miRNA levels by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays in a cohort of 27 patients (14 women and 13 men; mean ± SD age: 43.

Exosomal miRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is linked to a variety of internal and external factors present from the early stages of the disease. There are several risk factors related to the pathogenesis of AD, among these exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are of particular importance. Exosomes are nanocarriers released from many different cell types, including neuronal cells.

Motion, deformation and pearling of ferrofluid droplets due to a tunable moving magnetic field.

We demonstrate unique evolutions of the shape of ferrofluid droplets during their motion over horizontal and inclined planes assisted by an applied field. We substantially extend the basic study regarding the motion of the ferrofluid droplets to address state-of-the-art parametric variation. While doing so, we describe some uncommon phenomena such as pearling, which has not been reported to date in connection with the motion of ferrofluid droplets.

Crystal Chemistry and Antibacterial Properties of Cupriferous Hydroxyapatite.

Copper-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) of nominal composition Ca(PO)[Cu(OH)O] (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) was prepared by solid-state and wet chemical processing to explore the impact of the synthesis route and mode of crystal chemical incorporation of copper on the antibacterial efficacy against () and () strains.

Exogenous silicon alters organic acid production and enzymatic activity of TCA cycle in two NaCl stressed indica rice cultivars.

The activities of TCA cycle enzymes viz., pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase as well as levels of different organic acids viz., pyruvic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid were studied in two rice cultivars viz.

Potential Role of miRNAs as Theranostic Biomarkers of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy includes a group of disorders of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Although familial epilepsy has a genetic component and heritability, the etiology of the majority of non-familial epilepsies has no known associated genetic mutations. In epilepsy, recent epigenetic profiles have highlighted a possible role of microRNAs in its pathophysiology.

Exogenous silicon alters ascorbate-glutathione cycle in two salt-stressed indica rice cultivars (MTU 1010 and Nonabokra).

Silicon is widely available in soil and is known to mitigate both biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Very low doses of silicon are becoming increasingly essential in rice for biofortification and preventing water loss. Soil salinity is a matter of grave concern in various parts of the world, and silicon is a suitable candidate to mitigate salinity-induced stress of important plants in affected areas.

Effects of Yoga Training on Body Composition and Oxidant-Antioxidant Status among Healthy Male.

Background: The stressful condition may cause oxidative stress, which is responsible for various diseases.

Aims: The present study was designed to find out whether yoga has impact on the reduction of oxidative stress.

Methods: For the present study, 95 ( = 95) healthy male volunteers within the age group of 18-24 years were included, 35 ( = 35) volunteers were excluded.

Exosome-associated miRNA profile as a prognostic tool for therapy response monitoring in multiple sclerosis patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune pathology leading to neurodegeneration. Because of the complexity and heterogenic etiology of this disease, diagnosis and treatment for individual patients are challenging. Exosome-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of diagnostic biomarkers involved in both autoimmune and neurologic disorders.

Engineered Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle Causes Substantial Physicochemical Perturbation in Plants.

Concentration of engineered nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO-NP) in nature is on the rise, owing to large scale industrial uses, which have accreted the scope of its exposure to plants, the primary producers of the ecosystem. Though an essential micronutrient for the animal system, supported by numerous studies confirming its toxicity at higher dosages, nickel oxide is graded as a human carcinogen by WHO. A few studies do depict toxicity and bioaccumulation of nickel in plants; however, interaction of NiO-NP with plants is not well-elucidated.