Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles reverse osteoporosis by potentiating osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells targeting ER signaling.

Although various anti-osteoporosis drugs are available, the limitations of these therapies, including drug resistance and collateral responses, require the development of novel anti-osteoporosis agents. Rhizoma Drynariae displays a promising anti-osteoporosis effect, while the effective component and mechanism remain unclear. Here, we revealed the therapeutic potential of Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles (RDNVs) for postmenopausal osteoporosis and demonstrated that RDNVs potentiated osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by targeting estrogen receptor-alpha (ER).

An enzyme-based system for extraction of small extracellular vesicles from plants.

Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the next generation of nanocarrier platforms for biotherapeutics and drug delivery. EVs exist not only in the extracellular space, but also within the cell wall. Due to the limitations of existing isolation methods, the EVs extraction efficiency is low, and a large amount of plant material is wasted, which is of concern for rare and expensive medicinal plants.

Circular RNA Hsa_circ_0006766 targets microRNA miR-4739 to regulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in bone metabolism, which is mediated by microRNA (miRNA) sponges. However, it is not clear how circRNA regulates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs).Therefore, based on the previous circRNA chip results, hsa_circ_0006766, which is differentially expressed in the osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs, was screened out, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict potential target miRNAs.

Exosomal CA125 as A Promising Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis.

The main diagnostic indicators of ovarian cancer (OC), including carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), show good sensitivity and poor specificity or vice versa. This study investigated changes in CA125 and HE4 expression and their correlation in serum-derived exosomes of 55 patients with OC (OC group), 33 patients with malignant tumors (non-OC group), and 55 normal controls (NC group). We compared serum and exosomal CA125 and HE4 levels to determine whether their contents in exosomes were elevated.

PD-1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a biomarker for different stages of primary gouty arthritis.

There is currently a lack of biomarkers to assist the diagnosis and prediction of primary gouty arthritis (PG). Therefore, we evaluated the clinical value of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PG. This study included 36 patients with acute phase PG (APPG), 48 with non-acute phase PG (NAPPG), 42 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) and 79 normal controls (NCs).