From Ridge 2 Reef: An interdisciplinary model for training the next generation of environmental problem solvers.

Regional and global environmental challenges have become increasingly complex and require broader solutions than a single discipline can provide. Although there is a growing need for interdisciplinary research, many graduate education programs still train students within the confines of a particular discipline or specialty. The Ridge 2 Reef research traineeship program at the University of California, Irvine, aimed to provide transferable and interdisciplinary skill training to prepare graduate students from different disciplines to address current and future environmental challenges.

Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

There is an increased risk of infection in patients with cancer that results in higher morbidity and mortality. Several risk factors can predispose these patients to infectious complications. Some such factors include immunocompromised states like neutropenia, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and graft-versus-host disease, while others include immunosuppressive agents like corticosteroids, purine analogs, monoclonal antibodies, and other emerging cancer therapeutics like CAR T-cell therapy.

Tales from the clinic: Contraception and perimenopause.

Effective contraception consultations are essential to delivering high-quality perimenopause care and reducing unplanned pregnancies. Contraception can be used independently, or in conjunction with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Newer contraception options provide enhanced opportunities to individualise perimenopause care.

Management of unscheduled bleeding on HRT: A joint guideline on behalf of the British Menopause Society, Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy, Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Royal College of General Practitioners and Getting it Right First Time.

Unscheduled bleeding on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can affect up to 40% of users. In parallel with the increase in HRT prescribing in the UK, there has been an associated increase in referrals to the urgent suspicion of cancer pathway for unscheduled bleeding. On behalf of the British Menopause Society (BMS) an expert review panel was established, including primary and secondary care clinicians with expertise in the management of menopause, with representatives from key related organisations, including the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists, the British Gynaecological Cancer Society, British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy, Royal College of General Practitioners and Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and service development partners from NHS England and GIRFT (Getting it Right First Time).

How Are We Teaching Advocacy? A National Survey of Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors.

Background: Although internal medicine (IM) physicians accept public advocacy as a professional responsibility, there is little evidence that IM training programs teach advocacy skills. The prevalence and characteristics of public advocacy curricula in US IM residency programs are unknown.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of curricula in US IM residencies addressing public advocacy for communities and populations; to describe barriers to the provision of such curricula.

What Do Medicaid Members Want From Their Health Plan?: Insights From a Qualitative Study to Improve Engagement in Case Management.

Purpose Of Study: Managed care organizations (MCOs) provide case management services to address unmet health and social needs among their members. Few studies have examined factors influencing members' decision to participate in these programs. The purpose of the present study was to describe the life circumstances of Medicaid members offered case management, what they wanted from their MCO, and their perceptions of case management and barriers to participation.

Climate and biodiversity change constrain the flow of cultural ecosystem services to people: A case study modeling birding across Africa under future climate scenarios.

Global change is currently impacting ecosystems and their contributions to people (i.e. ecosystem services).

Feasibility and acceptability of a remote, hands-free cognitive battery for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury.

Purpose/objective: To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of testing the cognitive abilities of adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) via teleconference.

Research Design: Data were collected prospectively at two study sites from 75 adults living with TSCI. Participants completed a series of self-report measures via an online survey platform, in addition to a brief battery of cognitive testing administered via audio-video teleconference.

Oxidative stress and neuroimmune proteins in a mouse model of autism.

Oxidative stress including decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, elevated lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the blood from children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been reported. The mechanisms affecting the development of ASD remain unclear; however, toxic environmental exposures leading to oxidative stress have been proposed to play a significant role. The BTBRTItpr3/J (BTBR) strain provides a model to investigate the markers of oxidation in a mouse strain exhibiting ASD-like behavioral phenotypes.

Embedding research (ER) led by nurses, midwives and allied health professionals (NMAHPs): the NMAHP-ER model.

Background: Previous embedded researcher models have focused predominantly on an individual being a temporary team member and embedded for a project-limited short-term placement.

Aim: To develop an innovative research capacity building model to address the challenges of developing, embedding and sustaining, research led by Nurses, Midwives, and Allied Health Professionals (NMAHPs) in complex clinical environments. This healthcare and academic research partnership model offers an opportunity to support the 'how' of enabling NMAHP research capacity building from within the researchers' clinical area of expertise.

Counselling of path_ carriers who are considering risk-reducing oophorectomy.

path_ 1/2 increases a woman's lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Interventions can be offered which manage cancer risk; annual breast screening from age 30, chemoprevention and, once a woman's family is complete, risk-reducing surgery. The latter is the most effective method of reducing cancer in path_ carriers; salpingo-oophorectomy reduces breast and ovarian cancer, respectively, by up to 50% and 95%.

Co-creating system-wide improvement for people with traumatic brain injury across one integrated care system in the United Kingdom to initiate a transformation journey through co-production.

Background And Objective: There is a need for better integration of services across communities and sectors for people living with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to meet their complex needs. Building on insights gained from earlier pilot work, here we report the outcomes of a participatory workshop that sought to better understand the challenges, barriers and opportunities that currently exist within the care pathway for survivors of TBI.

Methods: A diverse range of stakeholders from the acute and rehabilitation care pathway and the health and social care system were invited to participate in a 3-h workshop.

Altered meningeal immunity contributing to the autism-like behavior of BTBR /J mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated neurodevelopmental disorder, which is categorized by deficiency of social contact and communication, and stereotyped forms of performance. Meningeal immunity conditions the immune reflection and immune defense in the meningeal area involving meningeal lymphatic organization, glymphatic structure, immune cells, and cytokines. The development of meningeal immunity dysfunction might be the leading cause for many neural diseases including ASD.

Improvements of autism-like behaviors but limited effects on immune cell metabolism after mitochondrial replacement in BTBR TItpr3/J mice.

Mitochondria-mediated metabolic impairment and dysfunction are highly related with autism. Herein, the mitochondria-mediated metabolism of BTBR TItpr3/J (BTBR) mice with autistic-like behaviors was investigated. A new BTBR-mt strain generated by deriving BTBR mice with C57BL/6J (B6) mitochondria was used to determine the role of the mitochondrial genome.

'Guiding Lights for effective workplace cultures': enhancing the care environment for staff and patients in older people's care settings.

While much attention has been given to organisational culture, there has been less focus on workplace culture. Yet workplace culture strongly influences the way care is delivered, received and experienced. An effective workplace culture is crucial for the well-being of individual staff members and teams as well as for patients' experiences and outcomes of care.

A thematic analysis of system wide learning from first wave Covid-19 in the East of England.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented challenge for health and social care systems globally. There is an urgent need for research on experiences of COVID-19 at different levels of health systems, including lessons from professional, organisational and local system responses, that can be used to inform managerial and policy responses.

Methods: This paper presents the findings from a thematic analysis of front-line staff experiences working across the Norfolk and Waveney integrated care system (ICS) in the East of England during April and October 2020 to address the question "What are the experiences and perceptions of partner organisations and practitioners at multiple levels of the health system in responding to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic?" This question was posed to learn from how practitioners, interdependent partner organisations and the system experienced the pandemic and responded.

Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups.

Background: Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been reported.

Objective: To provide improved characterisation of the prostate and urine microbiome and to investigate the prognostic potential of the bacteria present.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Microbiome profiles were interrogated in sample collections of patient urine (sediment microscopy: n = 318, 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing: n = 46; and extracellular vesicle RNA-seq: n = 40) and cancer tissue (n = 204).

Improving face identification of mask-wearing individuals.

Research has consistently shown that concealing facial features can hinder subsequent identification. The widespread adoption of face masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical and urgent need to discover techniques to improve identification of people wearing face coverings. Despite years of research on face recognition and eyewitness identifications, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations for lineup construction for cases involving masked individuals.

Warning weakens retrieval-enhanced suggestibility only when it is given shortly after misinformation: The critical importance of timing.

Recalling details from an experienced event can sometimes exacerbate eyewitnesses' susceptibility to subsequent misinformation. This finding, known as retrieval-enhanced suggestibility (RES), can be eliminated when participants are warned about possible inaccuracies in the misinformation source (Thomas et al., 2010).

Constitutive activation of Notch signalling and T cell activation characterize a mouse model of autism.

Gene and protein expression of BTBR T Itpr3 /J (BTBR) mice with autistic-like behaviours were compared with the C57BL/6J strain, which is considered to have normal immunity and behaviour. Notch signalling pathway was constitutively activated in the immune system and liver of BTBR T Itpr3 /J (BTBR) mice. Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), Notch receptors (Notch1 Notch2 and Notch3) and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin κ j region (RBPJ) were increased both at gene and protein levels in BTBR spleens and thymi.

The use of biomarkers and HPV genotyping to improve diagnostic accuracy in women with a transformation zone type 3.

Background: Twenty percent of women referred to colposcopy have a type 3 transformation zone-where colposcopic assessment for high-grade dysplasia (CIN2+) is not possible. This study examines the effectiveness of HPV biomarkers and genotyping in combination with techniques that sample an endocervical TZ.

Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Contemporary Challenges of Nursing CPD: Time to change the model to meet citizens' needs.

The purpose of this paper is to present the evidence shared with a citizen Consensus panel detailing key issues associated with how nursing CPD can best influence the quality of health and social care experienced by citizens and communities. It presents a summary of contemporary theory, research and evidence of the effectiveness of nursing CPD and outlines four key challenges: (i) how to strengthen the focus on patient experience as the starting point for CPD; (ii) the lack of evidence of CPD effectiveness and accountability in its transfer to practice; (iii) evaluation of CPD effectiveness; and (iv) involving citizens in targeting CPD where it is most needed. It briefly describes the methods used to facilitate public consultation through a citizen Consensus panel as part of a collaborative project with the RCN Strategic Research Alliance in 2020 and outlines 7 themes identified as important by the public for future development.