Lower respiratory tract infections following respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody nirsevimab immunization versus placebo: Analysis from a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial (MELODY).

Background: Nirsevimab is an extended half-life, highly potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein, with efficacy in preventing RSV-associated medically attended (MA) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and medically vulnerable children (aged ≤24 months). This post-hoc exploratory analysis examined the incidence of LRTI from RSV and other respiratory pathogens during a 2:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of nirsevimab, in healthy-term and late-preterm (i.e.

Dressing of Cu Atom over Nickel Cluster Stimulating the Poisoning-Free CO Oxidation: An Ab Initio Study.

In this work using first-principles calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT), the role of the Cu atom in degrading the poisoning of carbon monoxide (CO) over NiCu clusters is unveiled. The search has been initiated with the examination of structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Ni and NiCu clusters (1 ≤ ≤ 12). X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of Ni K-edge are computed to extract the information on the oxidation states and coordination environment of metal sites of the clusters.

Uncovering the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of atomically precise PdCu clusters and their interaction with CO molecule.

In this work, we address the structural stability, electronic properties and effect of metal-metal interaction on Raman spectra of icosahedral (Ih) PdCu (m + n = 13) clusters using first principles calculations based on dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D2). Initially, we investigated the relative stability of Ih PdCu clusters over monometallic Ih Pd and Cu clusters by calculating the average binding energy per atom, mixing energy, second order energy difference and average bond length. The Ih PdCu is the most stable bimetallic cluster with the 2.

Spectral and DFT studies of anion bound organic receptors: Time dependent studies and logic gate applications.

New colorimetric receptors and with varied positional substitution of a cyano and nitro signaling unit having a hydroxy functionality as the hydrogen bond donor site have been designed, synthesized and characterized by FTIR, H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The receptors and exhibit prominent visual response for F and AcO ions allowing the real time analysis of these ions in aqueous media. The formation of the receptor-anion complexes has been supported by UV-vis titration studies and confirmed through binding constant calculations.

Two-Dimensional Iron Tungstate: A Ternary Oxide Layer With Honeycomb Geometry.

The exceptional physical properties of graphene have sparked tremendous interests toward two-dimensional (2D) materials with honeycomb structure. We report here the successful fabrication of 2D iron tungstate (FeWO ) layers with honeycomb geometry on a Pt(111) surface, using the solid-state reaction of (WO) clusters with a FeO(111) monolayer on Pt(111). The formation process and the atomic structure of two commensurate FeWO phases, with (2 × 2) and (6 × 6) periodicities, have been characterized experimentally by combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and understood theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) modeling.

Safety of open food challenges in the office setting.

Background: Open food challenges are a practical alternative to double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in confirming clinical sensitivity or tolerance to a food, and the risks associated with open challenges are unknown.

Objective: To examine the safety of open food challenges administered in an office setting.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review of open food challenges, administered in a university-based pediatric allergy-immunology clinic during a 3-year period, was performed.

Clinical characteristics of peanut-allergic children: recent changes.

Objective: The goal was to determine whether patients seen in a referral clinic are experiencing initial allergic reactions to peanuts earlier, compared with a similar population profiled at a different medical center 10 years ago, and to investigate other changes in clinical characteristics of the patients between the 2 groups.

Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of peanut-allergic patients seen in the Duke University pediatric allergy and immunology clinic between July 2000 and April 2006.

Results: The median ages of first peanut exposure and reaction were 14 and 18 months, respectively; the respective ages in a similar population profiled between 1995 and 1997 were 22 and 24 months.

Omalizumab : other indications and unanswered questions.

Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against immunoglobulin (Ig)E, represents a unique therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic diseases. This agent acts as a neutralizing antibody by binding IgE at the same site as the high-affinity receptor. Subsequently, IgE is prevented from sensitizing cells bearing high-affinity receptors.

Perivascular fibrosis in the bone marrow in sickle cell disease.

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in homozygous sickle cell disease (hemoglobin [Hb] SS) shows nonhomogeneous, mottled signals that increase with age and number of crises. The pattern of these signals is reminiscent of the underlying vascular architecture, but histopathology of this tissue has not been adequately studied.

Objective: To elucidate the histopathology of blood vessels in the bone marrow in sickle cell disease.

Causes of death in sickle cell disease: an autopsy study.

More precise analysis of causes of death is needed to focus research efforts and improve morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease. In this study, the morphological evidence of the cause of death was studied in 306 autopsies of sickle cell disease, which were accrued between 1929 and 1996. The most common cause of death for all sickle variants and for all age groups was infection (33-48%).

Exciting new treatment approaches for pathyphysiologic mechanisms of sickle cell disease.

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vasoocclusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients.

Transient left ventricular dysfunction in childhood sickle cell disease.

For unclear reasons, myocardial infarction is rare in childhood sickle cell disease, whereas lung, bone, and brain infarcts are more common. During vasoocclusive crisis and infection, acute myocardial ischemia and chronic volume overload from anemia may result in myocardial dysfunction. We report a child who had reversible cardiac dysfunction that mimicked myocardial infarction.

Calpromotin, a cytoplasmic protein, is associated with the formation of dense cells in sickle cell anemia.

We have tested the hypothesis that dense cell formation in sickle cell disease is associated with increased binding of calpromotin to the membrane, an event that occurs during the activation of calcium-dependent potassium transport. By SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found that sickle cell membranes contained more calpromotin than did normal membranes when stained with Coomassie brilliant blue or when transferred to nitrocellulose paper and immunostained with horseradish peroxidase. Also, the membranes from dense sickle cells contained significantly (P = 0.

Systemic lupus erythematosus in a child with sickle cell disease.

Although sickle cell disease (SCD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are two distinct chronic diseases, many clinical features are common to both conditions. We describe a young patient who had a mild clinical course of SCD until SLE developed when he was 15 years old. His initial manifestations of SLE including fever, chest pain, and lung infiltration with pleural effusion were thought to be complications of SCD.