Jarisch‒Herxheimer reaction.

Syphilis is caused by a spirochete, . Diagnosis of syphilis is made with a venereal disease research laboratory test. Treatment of choice is intramuscular injection benzathine Penicillin.

Anogenital lichen sclerosus.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) was first described by Hallopeau in 1887. It is a chronic inflammatory condition most commonly involving the anogenital region with a relapsing course and a potential for destruction, functional impairment, atrophy, and malignant changes. LS affects both sexes with a female preponderance of 5:1.

Histopathological comparison of lesional and perilesional skin in melasma: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentary disorder of the sun exposed skin, especially the face. The pathogenesis is unclear but interplay between genetic factors, hormones and ultraviolet radiation is important. We have evaluated the histological characteristics of melasma and compared the findings with adjacent normal skin.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Inside and Out.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, disabling, suppurative disease characterized by deep tender subcutaneous nodules; complicated by fibrosis and extensive sinuses affecting primarily the apocrine gland bearing areas. It affects all races in early 20s with greater prevalence seen in women (3 to 5:1). The estimated disease prevalence is 1 - 4 %.

Topical Therapies in Psoriasis.

Topical therapy as monotherapy is useful in psoriasis patients with mild disease. Topical agents are also used as adjuvant for moderate-to-severe disease who are being concurrently treated with either ultraviolet light or systemic medications. Emollients are useful adjuncts to the treatment of psoriasis.

Updosing of Nonsedating Anti-histamines in Recalcitrant Chronic Urticaria.

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a persistent, debiliating condition that causes severe impairment on the quality of life (QoL) of patient by interrupting work productivity. Current guidelines recommend second-generation (nonsedating) anti-histamines for the treatment for all forms of urticaria. In patients who do not respond adequately to conventional doses of anti-histamines, it is recommended to increase the dose to up to four times to obtain control.

Topical corticosteroids in dermatology.

Since their introduction, topical corticosteroids have become indispensable in the treatment of various dermatoses. Hydrocortisone was the first compound. Modifications in the basic structure generated in vivo activity and thus different topically active compounds were discovered.

Exogenous Ochronosis.

Exogenous ochronosis (EO) is a cutaneous disorder characterized by blue-black pigmentation resulting as a complication of long-term application of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone but may also occur due to topical contact with phenol or resorcinol in dark-skinned individuals. It can also occur following the use of systemic antimalarials such as quinine. EO is clinically and histologically similar to its endogenous counterpart viz.

Omalizumab-A Review.

Omalizumab is a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody against human immunoglobulin E (IgE). The US FDA has approved this molecule for chronic urticaria.

Treatment of Refractory Chronic Urticaria.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a distressing disease encountered frequently in clinical practice. The current mainstay of therapy is the use of second-generation, non-sedating antihistamines. However, in patients who do not respond satisfactorily to these agents, a variety of other drugs are used.

Gender differences in clinicoepidemiological features of vitiligo: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background. Vitiligo has important clinical and social consequences particularly in the pigmented skin. The present study was conducted to assess the differences in clinicoepidemiological presentation of vitiligo in males and females and to understand the factors associated with spread of vitiligo in them.

Skin as a marker of internal disease: a case of sarcoidosis.

A 52-year-old female presented to our out patient department with asymptomatic, hypopigmented lesions on the neck and back since 2 months. There was a history of taking antitubercular treatment for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis 2 years back. On blood investigations, the serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels were increased and the skin biopsy revealed a naked granuloma in the dermis.

Primary cutaneous nocardiosis with craniocerebral extension: a case report.

A 26-year-old male, a fisherman by occupation, presented with boggy swelling of the scalp and multiple discharging sinuses over the fronto-parietal area for one year. He described a history of periodic trauma to the scalp beginning about one year prior to the onset of the scalp condition. Histopathology suggested a chronic granulomatous suppuration.