Data-driven reduced order surrogate modeling for coronary in-stent restenosis.

Background: The intricate process of coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) involves the interplay between different mediators, including platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and drug elution from the stent. Modeling such complex multiphysics phenomena demands extensive computational resources and time.

Methods: This paper proposes a novel non-intrusive data-driven reduced order modeling approach for the underlying multiphysics time-dependent parametrized problem.

In-silico analysis of hemodynamic indicators in idealized stented coronary arteries for varying stent indentation.

In this work, we investigate the effects of stent indentation on hemodynamic indicators in stented coronary arteries. Our aim is to assess in-silico risk factors for in-stent restenosis (ISR) and thrombosis after stent implantation. The proposed model is applied to an idealized artery with stent for four indentation percentages and three mesh refinements.

Unveiling the traits of antibiotic resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli obtained from poultry waste.

Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) have become significant concerns, contributing to adverse environmental effects. The extensive use of antibiotics in poultry farming has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant APEC strains. This study prioritizes the molecular screening of APEC to uncover their antibiotic resistance and virulence attributes, with specific attention to their environmental impact.

Ultrasound-driven facile fabrication of Pd doped SnO hierarchical superstructures: Structural, growth mechanism, dermatoglyphics, and anti-cancer activity.

This research introduces a novel method that leverages Spirulina extract (S.E) as a bio-surfactant in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis (UAS) of Pd (0.25-10 mol%) doped tin oxide (SnO) self-assembled superstructures.

A physics-informed deep learning framework for modeling of coronary in-stent restenosis.

Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown great potential in cardiovascular surgery, including real-time stenosis recognition, detection of stented coronary anomalies, and prediction of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, estimating neointima evolution poses challenges for ML models due to limitations in manual measurements, variations in image quality, low data availability, and the difficulty of acquiring biological quantities. An effective in silico model is necessary to accurately capture the mechanisms leading to neointimal hyperplasia.

Controlling target brain regions by optimal selection of input nodes.

The network control theory framework holds great potential to inform neurostimulation experiments aimed at inducing desired activity states in the brain. However, the current applicability of the framework is limited by inappropriate modeling of brain dynamics, and an overly ambitious focus on whole-brain activity control. In this work, we leverage recent progress in linear modeling of brain dynamics (effective connectivity) and we exploit the concept of target controllability to focus on the control of a single region or a small subnetwork of nodes.

Tetrahydrobenzothiophene derivatives ameliorate Mia PaCa-2 cell progression and induces apoptosis via inhibiting EGFR2 tyrosine kinase signal.

A series of new thiophene analogues with acarbonitrile-basedmoiety were designed and synthesized via structural optimization. The conjugates were assessed for their in-vitro cytotoxic activity against a human pancreatic cancer cell line (Mia PaCa-2) and among them compound 5b showed IC value of 13.37 ± 2.

Computational modeling of in-stent restenosis: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation.

Persistence of the pathology of in-stent restenosis even with the advent of drug-eluting stents warrants the development of highly resolved in silico models. These computational models assist in gaining insights into the transient biochemical and cellular mechanisms involved and thereby optimize the stent implantation parameters. Within this work, an already established fully-coupled Lagrangian finite element framework for modeling the restenotic growth is enhanced with the incorporation of endothelium-mediated effects and pharmacological influences of rapamycin-based drugs embedded in the polymeric layers of the current generation drug-eluting stents.

In-vivo assessment of vascular injury for the prediction of in-stent restenosis.

Background: Despite optimizations of coronary stenting technology, a residual risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains. Vessel wall injury has important impact on the development of ISR. While injury can be assessed in histology, there is no injury score available to be used in clinical practice.

Structural and Superconducting Proximity Effect of SnPb Bimetallic Nanoalloys.

We report the superconducting properties between a conventional strong-coupled Pb and weak-coupled Sn superconductor. A series of SnPb nanoalloys with various compositions r were synthesized, and their superconducting properties were measured using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) magnetometer. Our results reveal a superconducting proximity effect (SPE) between immiscible Sn and Pb granules in the range of r = 0.

Precise Sn-Doping Modulation for Optimizing CdWO Nanorod Photoluminescence.

The cadmium tungstate rods have been given much attention due to their potential for usage in numerous luminescent applications. We have prepared single crystalline Sn-doped CdSnWO (where x = 0, 1, 3, and 5%) nanorods (NRDs) and characterized them using refined X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis, revealing a monoclinic phase and a crystallite size that decreased from 62 to 38 nm as Sn concentration increased. Precise Sn doping modulation in CdWO NRDs causes surface recombination of electrons and holes, which causes the PL intensity to decrease as the Sn content rises.

A multiphysics modeling approach for in-stent restenosis: Theoretical aspects and finite element implementation.

Development of in silico models that capture progression of diseases in soft biological tissues are intrinsic in the validation of the hypothesized cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the respective pathologies. In addition, they also aid in patient-specific adaptation of interventional procedures. In this regard, a fully-coupled high-fidelity Lagrangian finite element framework is proposed within this work which replicates the pathology of in-stent restenosis observed post stent implantation in a coronary artery.

Impact of PhD Degree Versus Non-PhD Research Fellowship on Future Research Productivity Among Academic Cardiothoracic Surgeons.

Background: A PhD degree can offer significant research experience, but previous studies yielded conflicting conclusions on the relationship between a PhD degree and future research output. We compared the impact of a PhD degree versus research fellowship (RF) training on research productivity in cardiothoracic surgeons, hypothesizing that training pathways may influence potential associations.

Methods: CT surgeons practicing at all accredited United States CT surgery training programs in 2018 who pursued dedicated time for research (n = 597), including earning a PhD degree (n = 92) or completing a non-PhD RF (n = 505), were included.

Diminishing Basic Science Research Experience Among United States Cardiothoracic Surgery Trainees.

Introduction: There is growing concern regarding the attrition of surgeon-scientists. To understand the decline of basic science research (BSR), it is essential to examine trends in research conducted by trainees. We hypothesized that, over recent decades, cardiothoracic (CT) surgery trainees have published fewer BSR articles.

Analyzing the Scholarly Impact of Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Using the Relative Citation Ratio.

Introduction: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently developed the relative citation ratio (RCR), calculated as article citations benchmarked to NIH-funded publications in the same field. Here, we characterized the scholarly impact of academic cardiothoracic (CT) surgeons and their research using the RCR.

Materials And Methods: Using a database of 992 CT surgeons, we calculated the RCR for all articles published by each surgeon since 1980 using the NIH iCite database.

Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of some 1-(5-(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)piperazine derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

We herein report the facile synthesis of a series of 3,5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives in good to excellent yields. The anti-inflammatory potential of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated by anti-denaturation assay using diclofenac sodium as the reference standard. Some of the compounds exhibited profound activity profile when compared to the standard drug.

The Academic Impact of Advanced Clinical Fellowship Training among General Thoracic Surgeons.

Objective: Advanced clinical fellowship training has become a popular option for surgical trainees seeking to bolster their clinical training and expertise. However, the long-term academic impact of this additional training following a traditional thoracic surgery fellowship is unknown. This study aimed to delineate the impact of an advanced clinical fellowship on subsequent research productivity and advancement in academic career among general thoracic surgeons.

Characterization of Cardiothoracic Surgeons Actively Leading Basic Science Research.

Background: There is increasing concern regarding the attrition of surgeon-scientists in cardiothoracic (CT) surgery. However, the characteristics of CT surgeons who are actively leading basic science research (BSR) have not been examined. We hypothesized that early exposure to BSR during training and active grant funding are important factors that facilitate the pursuit of BSR among practicing CT surgeons.

Characterization of academic cardiothoracic surgeons who started as attendings in private or community practice.

Background: Surgeons are traditionally categorized as working either in academic or private/community practice, but some transition between the two environments. Here, we profile current academic cardiothoracic surgeons who began their attending careers in private or community practice. We hypothesized that research activity may distinguish cardiothoracic surgeons who started in non-academic versus academic practice.

Career Research Productivity Correlates With Medical School Ranking Among Cardiothoracic Surgeons.

Background: The foundation for a successful academic surgical career begins in medical school. We examined whether attending a top-ranked medical school is correlated with enhanced research productivity and faster career advancement among academic cardiothoracic (CT) surgeons.

Materials And Methods: Research profiles and professional histories were obtained from publicly available sources for all CT surgery faculty at accredited US CT surgery teaching hospitals in 2018 (n = 992).

National Institutes of Health R01 Grant Funding Is Associated With Enhanced Research Productivity and Career Advancement Among Academic Cardiothoracic Surgeons.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding has declined among cardiothoracic surgeons. R01 grants are a well-known mechanism to support high-impact research, and we sought to clarify the association between NIH funding and academic achievement. We hypothesized that cardiothoracic surgeons who acquired R01 funding exhibit greater research output and faster career advancement.

Early Engagement in Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Enhances Future Academic Productivity.

Background: Early engagement in cardiothoracic (CT) surgery research may help attract trainees to academic CT surgery, but whether this early exposure boosts career-long academic achievement remains unknown.

Methods: A database of all CT surgery faculty at accredited, academic CT surgery training programs in the United States during the year 2018 was established. Excluding international medical graduates, surgeons who started general surgery residency in the United States before 2004 and who published at least 1 manuscript before traditional CT fellowship training were included (n = 472).

New Attending Surgeons Hired by Their Training Institution Exhibit Greater Research Productivity.

Background: A first attending job often sets the tone for academic surgeons' future careers, and many graduating trainees are faced with the decision to begin their career at their training institution or another institution. We hypothesized that surgeons hired as first-time faculty at their cardiothoracic surgery fellowship institution exhibit greater research productivity and career advancement than those hired as first-time faculty at a different institution.

Methods: Cardiothoracic surgeons who were listed as clinical faculty at all 77 accredited United States cardiothoracic surgery training programs in 2018 and who trained through the general surgery residency and cardiothoracic surgery fellowship pathway were included (n = 904).