Association of Serum Leptin with Anthropometric Indices of Obesity, Blood Lipids, Steroidal Hormones, and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a major form of anovulatory infertility in women. It is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR), both of which are linked to leptin and its receptors.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrelationship between serum leptin level with anthropometric indices of obesity, lipid profile, IR, and with circulating steroidal hormones in PCOS women.

Study of C677T Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Neural Tube Defects.

Introduction: Various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) which are a group of neurulation defects resulting from failure of closure of embryonic neural tube. Among genetic factors is polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, giving rise to a gene variant or mutant. However, in most studies directed at finding an association between MTHFR variants and NTD, there is no clear evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship.

Serum iron, Folate, Ferritin and CD4 Count in HIV Seropositive Women.

HIV infects cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages resulting in decreased number and function of CD4 cells, changes that affect both cell mediated and humoral immunity. Hematological abnormalities are a common complication of human immune virus (HIV) infection and these abnormalities increase as the disease advances. Anemia is the most common haematological abnormality in HIV seropositive patients and its incidence is strongly associated with the progression of the disease.

Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidant status in diabetic retinopathy.

Hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in diabetes mellitus induce increased lipid peroxidation and peroxyl radical formation is an important mechanism in genesis of micro-angiopathy. We took up a study on oxidative stress as measured by lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme status in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without retinopathy and compared them with a control non-diabetic group. MDA was significantly elevated (p < 0.

Comparison of total versus partial revision of primary ventriculoperitoneal shunt failures.

Background: Optimal surgical management of patients presenting with primary shunt failure in the era of neuroendoscopy remains complex. The value of replacing the entire shunt system as opposed to a single shunt component has not been assessed extensively.

Methods: In a retrospective study, the records of all patients who underwent their first shunt revision due to mechanical obstruction between September 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed.

Twist drill aspiration of pyogenic brain abscesses: our experience in 103 cases.

Background: Intracranial abscesses remain a significant health care problem in developing countries. Though potentially curable, brain abscess remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The effective treatment of intracranial abscess remains controversial.

Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Nephropathy.

Background: Oxidative stress has been considered to be a pathogenic factor of diabetic complications including nephropathy. There are many controversies and limited studies regarding the antioxidant enzymes in diabetic nephropathy.

Aim: This study was to evaluate the levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with and without nephropathy.

Decrease in antioxidant status of plasma and erythrocytes from geriatric population.

Background: Ageing is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. The study aims to find out the status of lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde in geriatric population.

Patients/methods: The study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 healthy control between the ages of 20-30 years and 75 elderly subjects between ages of 50-70 years as cases).

Study of changes in antioxidant enzymes status in diabetic post menopausal group of women suffering from cardiovascular complications.

Background: In type 2 diabetic patients, persistence of hyperglycemia has been reported as a cause of increased production of oxygen free radicals (FR), which leads to oxidative stress (OS) and becomes the main factor for predisposition to the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Diabetic postmenopausal women are prone to cardiovascular disease due to reduced production of estrogen which is a potent antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress (OS) in body. The study is being aimed to find out the status of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in post-menopausal diabetic women.