Health-related quality of life among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and inequalities by disease manifestations: a longitudinal study analysing the impact of TB treatment.

Background: To understand the impact of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and its treatment on quality of life, we analysed patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) among presumptive ETPB patients.

Methods: EuroQol's five-dimensional three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) were used to measure PROMs by 274 presumptive EPTB patients at pre- and post-treatment stages. The patients were categorised as TB and non-TB by using a composite reference standard.

Factors associated with hospitalization and mortality in adult and pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Central India.

Background: Comorbidities complicate the management of tuberculosis (TB) and have become an essential part of the end TB strategy to eradicate TB. However, pulmonary TB has received the most attention, and little is known about the impact of comorbidities and other factors on outcomes in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Objectives: Our aim was to analyze the factors associated with hospitalization and mortality in EPTB at a hospital in Central India, using non-TB patients with similar clinical presentations as a comparison.

Diagnosing adult and pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis by MPT64 antigen detection with immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry using reproduced polyclonal antibodies.

Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging. Immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry has been used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) by detection of MPT64 antigen from various extrapulmonary specimens and has shown good diagnostic performance in our previous studies. The test can distinguish between disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria and can be applied on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.

Interventions to promote household waste segregation: A systematic review.

Waste segregation at source, particularly at the household level, is an integral component of sustainable solid waste management, which is a critical public health issue. Although multiple interventions have been published, often with contradictory findings, few authors have conducted a comprehensive systematic synthesis of the published literature. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to synthesize all published interventions conducted in any country in the world which targeted household-level waste segregation with or without additional focus on recycling or composting.

Programmed Death Ligand -1 and Gene Mutation Characterization of Lung Malignancies in Patients at a Rural Hospital in Central India.

Introduction: Lung malignancy is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Accurate histology sub-typing and identification of gene mutations in lung tumours are considered important to administer targeted therapy for improved clinical outcome. Our aim is to determine the frequency of EGFR mutation and Programmed death ligand-1 (PD -L1) status of lung malignancies in patients attending a rural hospital in Central India.

Significance of non-granulomatous cytomorphology on fine needle aspirate in lymphadenitis cases classified as tuberculous by using a composite reference standard.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is established as a first line investigation for tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLA). We aimed to describe the various cytomorphologic features of tuberculosis (TB) on FNAC and their contribution in the diagnostic decision-making in suspected TBLA cases.

Methods: Patients with presumptive TBLA were prospectively enrolled (n = 266) and subjected to routine diagnostic work-up for TB, including FNAC samples, and followed until the end of treatment.

Syndromic surveillance system during mass gathering of Panchkroshi Yatra festival, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: The health implications surrounding a mass gathering pose significant challenges to public health officials. The use of syndromic surveillance provides an ideal method for achieving the public health goals and objectives at such events. In the absence of published reports of systematic documentation of public health preparedness in mass gatherings in the local context, we describe the public health preparedness and demonstrate the operational feasibility of a tablet-based participatory syndromic surveillance among pilgrims during the annual ritual circumambulation- .

Correlation Between Individual Child-Level Antibiotic Consumption and Antibiotic-Resistant Among Commensal : Results from a Cohort of Children Aged 1-3 Years in Rural Ujjain India.

Background: The global expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious concern and is increasing worldwide in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The study determined the correlation between individual child-level antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance among the commensal in a cohort of 125 children in rural Ujjain, India.

Methods: During a two-year period between August 2014 and September 2016, stool samples were collected at seven-time points from a cohort of 125 children; aged 1-3.

Effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation on the range of motion in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical vestibular stimulation on the range of motion (ROM) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450550).

Effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy to improve the cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical vestibular stimulation in improving cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450550).

Utility of constructed wetlands for treatment of hospital effluent and antibiotic resistant bacteria in resource limited settings: A case study in Ujjain, India.

Increasing generation of wastewater and its indiscriminate disposal is detrimental to human and animal health. Resource-limited settings often struggle for efficient wastewater treatment systems owing to lack of funds and operational difficulties. Therefore, alternative treatment systems involving low expenditure and simplistic operations are need of the hour.

Dynamics of Household Waste Segregation Behaviour in Urban Community in Ujjain, India: A Framework Analysis.

Waste segregation practices must be socially acceptable, affordable, context-specific, and participatory, which is essential for promoting waste segregation. Therefore, this study explored the urban community members' motivation, opportunity, and household waste segregation ability. We performed a qualitative study in Ujjain city, India.

Antibiotic Use before, during, and after Seeking Care for Acute Febrile Illness at a Hospital Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study from Rural India.

Antibiotic resistance is a naturally occurring phenomenon, but the misuse and overuse of antibiotics is accelerating the process. This study aimed to quantify and compare antibiotic use before, during, and after seeking outpatient care for acute febrile illness in Ujjain, India. Data were collected through interviews with patients/patient attendants.

Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Clinical Sepsis: Experience From a Single Rural Center in Central India.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of sepsis and its severity is essential for appropriate treatment to improve patient survival, especially in resource-limited settings. The aim of the present study was to study the role of red blood cell distribution (RDW) as a biomarker for the early detection of severe sepsis defined clinically and also in the prediction of mortality from sepsis.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included a total of 175 subjects who met the inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of severe sepsis.

Clinical and histology features as predictor of severity of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients: An experience from a rural tertiary setting in Central India.

Background: An upsurge in cases of rhinosinusitis with or without associated orbital and/or cerebral involvement by mucormycosis has been observed in post-COVID-19 patients. Our objective is to evaluate the clinical and histopathology features of these patients to determine the severity and develop a scoring on the extent on tissue invasion.

Method: We prospectively enrolled and analyzed 95 post-COVID-19 patients who presented with the invasive mucormycosis of the head and neck region.

Determinants and pathways of healthcare-seeking behaviours in under-5 children for common childhood illnesses and antibiotic prescribing: a cohort study in rural India.

Objectives: To explore the healthcare-seeking pathways, antibiotic prescribing and determine the sociodemographic factors associated with healthcare-seeking behaviour (HSB) of caregivers for common illnesses in under-5 (U-5) children in rural Ujjain, India.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Study Setting And Study Sample: The cohort included 270 U-5 children from selected six villages in rural demographic surveillance site, of the R.

Trends, relationships and case attribution of antibiotic resistance between children and environmental sources in rural India.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an important global health threat and the interfaces of antibiotic resistance between humans, animals and the environment are complex. We aimed to determine the associations and overtime trends of antibiotic resistance between humans, animals and water sources from the same area and time and estimate attribution of the other sources to cases of human antibiotic resistance. A total of 125 children (aged 1-3 years old) had stool samples analysed for antibiotic-resistant bacteria at seven time points over two years, with simultaneous collection of samples of animal stools and water sources in a rural Indian community.

Effects of improved information and volunteer support on segregation of solid waste at the household level in urban settings in Madhya Pradesh, India (I-MISS): protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Segregation of household waste at the source is an effective and sustainable strategy for management of municipal waste. However, household segregation levels remain insufficient as waste management approaches are mostly top down and lack local support. The realisation and recognition of effective, improved and adequate waste management may be one of the vital drivers for attaining environmental protection and improved health and well-being.

Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major global and environmental health issue, yet the presence of antibiotic residues and resistance in the water and sediment of a river subjected to excessive anthropogenic activities and their relationship with water quality of the river are not well studied. The objectives of the present study were a) to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant () in the water and sediment of the Kshipra river in India at seven selected sites during different seasons of the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 and b) to investigate the association between antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant in water and sediment and measured water quality parameters of the river. Antibiotic residues and resistant were present in the water and sediment and were associated with the measured water quality parameters.

Stable high frequencies of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance associated mutations and absence of K13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum 3 and 4 years after the introduction of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASP) is first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most of India, except for six North-eastern provinces where treatment failure rates were high. In Ujjain, central India, the frequency of mutations associated with increased drug tolerance, but not overt resistance to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine were 9% and > 80%, respectively, in 2009 and 2010, just prior to the introduction of ASP. The frequency of drug resistance associated mutations in Ujjain in 2015-2016 after 3-4 years of ASP use, are reported.

Mass bathing events in River Kshipra, Central India- influence on the water quality and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of commensal E.coli.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the major global health emergencies. One potential source of dissemination of resistant bacteria is mass gatherings, e.g.

Effect of Yoga versus Light Exercise to Improve Well-Being and Promote Healthy Aging among Older Adults in Central India: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Aging is a natural process associated with many functional and structural changes. These changes may include impaired self-regulation, changes in tissues and organs. Aging also affects mood, physical status and social activity.

Antibiotic Prescribing by Informal Healthcare Providers for Common Illnesses: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Rural India.

Informal healthcare providers (IHCPs) are predominant healthcare providers in rural India, who prescribe without formal training. Antibiotic prescription by IHCPs could provide crucial information for controlling antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the practices and seasonal changes in antibiotic prescribing for common illnesses by IHCPs.

High levels of drug resistance in commensal E. coli in a cohort of children from rural central India.

The world is experiencing crisis of antibiotic resistance not only in pathogenic but also in commensal bacteria. We determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in young children in rural setting of central India and search for its correlations with demographic and behavioral factors. At seven time points during a period of 2 years we collected stool samples from 125 children; aged 1-3 in a rural area of Madhya Pradesh.

Patient Health Seeking and Diagnostic Delay in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Hospital Based Study from Central India.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the awareness, health care seeking behavior, and diagnostic delay in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in a resource-constrained setting from Central India.

Setting And Method: Questionnaire based interview of 1220 EPTB patients ≥14 years of age was conducted between July 2004 and August 2012 at Ujjain charitable Hospital, Ujjain, India.

Results: Only 15% of patients had ever heard about EPTB and 2-4% knew about its prevention or treatment.