Susceptibility Loci for Type 2 Diabetes in the Ethnically Endogamous Indian Sindhi Population: A Pooled Blood Genome-Wide Association Study.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic derangement that has a strong genetic basis. There is substantial population-specificity in the association of genetic variants with T2D. The Indian urban Sindhi population is at a high risk of T2D.

Independent association of meteorological characteristics with initial spread of Covid-19 in India.

Whether weather plays a part in the transmissibility of the novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is still not established. We tested the hypothesis that meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and rainfall) are independently associated with transmissibility of COVID-19 quantified using the basic reproduction rate (R). We used publicly available datasets on daily COVID-19 case counts (total n = 108,308), three-hourly meteorological data and community mobility data over a three-month period.

Independent Association of Glucose Variability With Hospital Mortality in Adult Intensive Care Patients: Results From the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Binational Registry.

Unlabelled: Wide variations in blood glucose excursions in critically ill patients may influence adverse outcomes such as hospital mortality. However, whether blood glucose variability is independently associated with mortality or merely captures the excess risk attributable to hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes is not established. We investigated whether blood glucose variability independently predicted hospital mortality in nonhyperglycemic critical care patients.

Degree of hyperglycemia independently associates with hospital mortality and length of stay in critically ill, nondiabetic patients: Results from the ANZICS CORE binational registry.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia (HG) in critically ill patients influences clinical outcomes and hospitalization costs. We aimed to describe association of HG with hospital mortality and length of stay in large scale, real-world scenario.

Materials: From The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database (APD) we included 739,152 intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted during 2007-2016.

Genetic correlation of the plasma lipidome with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and insulin resistance in Mexican American families.

Background: Differential plasma concentrations of circulating lipid species are associated with pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether the wide inter-individual variability in the plasma lipidome contributes to the genetic basis of T2D is unknown. Here, we investigated the potential overlap in the genetic basis of the plasma lipidome and T2D-related traits.

Lipidomics in the Study of Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: The entire gamut of changes in the lipid profile that precede, predict, and correlate with hypertension in metabolic syndrome is unknown.

Recent Findings: The power, resolution, and accuracy of lipidomic assay technologies have brought us to the threshold of another information explosion. Understanding of hypertension and its pathophysiology especially within the setting of metabolic syndrome has been greatly improved by recent lipidomic studies.

Lack of Association between Variants and Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican American Families.

encodes zinc transporter 8 which is involved in packaging and release of insulin. Evidence for the association of variants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconclusive. We interrogated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around for association with T2D in high-risk, pedigreed individuals from extended Mexican American families.

Lipidomic risk score independently and cost-effectively predicts risk of future type 2 diabetes: results from diverse cohorts.

Background: Detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is routinely based on the presence of dysglycemia. Although disturbed lipid metabolism is a hallmark of T2D, the potential of plasma lipidomics as a biomarker of future T2D is unknown. Our objective was to develop and validate a plasma lipidomic risk score (LRS) as a biomarker of future type 2 diabetes and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness for T2D screening.

Soluble Forms of Intercellular and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecules Independently Predict Progression to Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican American Families.

Objective: While the role of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in inducing endothelial dysfunction is fairly well-established the etiological role of endothelial dysfunction in the onset of T2D is still a matter of debate. In the light of conflicting evidence in this regard, we conducted a prospective study to determine the association of circulating levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vessel cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) with incident T2D.

Methods: Data from this study came from 1,269 Mexican Americans of whom 821 initially T2D-free individuals were longitudinally followed up in the San Antonio Family Heart Study.

Association of Urinary Phthalates with Self-Reported Eye Affliction/Retinopathy in Individuals with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2010.

Background. An epidemiological association between exposure to phthalates and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known. However, the potential role of environmental phthalates in the complications of T2D is unknown.

Genome- and epigenome-wide association study of hypertriglyceridemic waist in Mexican American families.

Background: There is growing interest in the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype, defined as high waist circumference (≥95 cm in males and ≥80 cm in females) combined with high serum triglyceride concentration (≥2.0 mmol/L in males and ≥1.5 mmol/L in females) as a marker of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease.

Human plasma lipidome is pleiotropically associated with cardiovascular risk factors and death.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the United States and is associated with a high economic burden. Prevention of CVD focuses on controlling or improving the lipid profile of patients at risk. The human lipidome is made up of thousands of ubiquitous lipid species.

In vitro effect of over-the-counter probiotics on the ability of Candida albicans to form biofilm on denture strips.

Purpose: There is a burgeoning recognition and interest in the potential of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis associated with the use of dentures. Our aim was to investigate if commercially available over-the-counter probiotics can influence the ability of Candida albicans to form biofilms, which is considered a hallmark of the initiation and progression of oral candidiasis.

Methods: We conducted a 2×5 factorial in vitro study to culture C.

Increased waist circumference is independently associated with hypothyroidism in Mexican Americans: replicative evidence from two large, population-based studies.

Background: Mexican Americans are at an increased risk of both thyroid dysfunction and metabolic syndrome (MS). Thus it is conceivable that some components of the MS may be associated with the risk of thyroid dysfunction in these individuals. Our objective was to investigate and replicate the potential association of MS traits with thyroid dysfunction in Mexican Americans.

Plasma lipidome is independently associated with variability in metabolic syndrome in Mexican American families.

Plasma lipidome is now increasingly recognized as a potentially important marker of chronic diseases, but the exact extent of its contribution to the interindividual phenotypic variability in family studies is unknown. Here, we used the rich data from the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS) and developed a novel statistical approach to quantify the independent and additive value of the plasma lipidome in explaining metabolic syndrome (MS) variability in Mexican American families recruited in the SAFHS. Our analytical approach included two preprocessing steps: principal components analysis of the high-resolution plasma lipidomics data and construction of a subject-subject lipidomic similarity matrix.

Plasma dihydroceramide species associate with waist circumference in Mexican American families.

Objective: Waist circumference (WC), the clinical marker of central obesity, is gaining popularity as a screening tool for type 2 diabetes (T2D). While there is epidemiologic evidence favoring the WC-T2D association, its biological substantiation is generally weak. Our objective was to determine the independent association of plasma lipid repertoire with WC.

Plasma lipidomic profile signature of hypertension in Mexican American families: specific role of diacylglycerols.

Both as a component of metabolic syndrome and as an independent entity, hypertension poses a continued challenge with regard to its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Previous studies have documented connections between hypertension and indicators of lipid metabolism. Novel technologies, such as plasma lipidomic profiling, promise a better understanding of disorders in which there is a derangement of the lipid metabolism.

Waist circumference independently associates with the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in mexican american families.

Objective: In spite of the growing recognition of the specific association of waist circumference (WC) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR), current guidelines still use body mass index (BMI) as a tool of choice. Our objective was to determine whether WC is a better T2D predictor than BMI in family-based settings.

Research Design And Methods: Using prospectively collected data on 808 individuals from 42 extended Mexican American families representing 7617.

Variability in associations of phosphatidylcholine molecular species with metabolic syndrome in Mexican-American families.

Plasma lipidomic studies using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy offer detailed insights into metabolic processes. Taking the example of the most abundant plasma lipid class (phosphatidylcholines) we used the rich phenotypic and lipidomic data from the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study of large extended Mexican-American families to assess the variability of association of the plasma phosphatidylcholine species with metabolic syndrome. Using robust statistical analytical methods, our study made two important observations.

Skewed sex ratios in India: "physician, heal thyself".

Sex selection, a gender discrimination of the worst kind, is highly prevalent across all strata of Indian society. Physicians have a crucial role in this practice and implementation of the Indian Government's Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act in 1996 to prevent the misuse of ultrasound techniques for the purpose of prenatal sex determination. Little is known about family preferences, let alone preferences among families of physicians.

Therapeutic zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea does not influence short-term morbidity and growth: double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea on morbidity and growth during 12 weeks of follow-up. In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of 724 children aged 6-59 months, none of the 11 evaluated outcomes showed significant association with zinc or zinc and copper supplementation. Thus, therapeutic zinc supplementation may not always yield short-term -benefits.

Evaluation of chemiluminescence, toluidine blue and histopathology for detection of high risk oral precancerous lesions: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Early detection holds the key to an effective control of cancers in general and of oral cancers in particular. However, screening procedures for oral cancer are not straightforward due to procedural requirements as well as feasibility issues, especially in resource-limited countries.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the performance of chemiluminescence, toluidine blue and histopathology for detection of high-risk precancerous oral lesions.

Association of HADHA expression with the risk of breast cancer: targeted subset analysis and meta-analysis of microarray data.

Background: The role of n-3 fatty acids in prevention of breast cancer is well recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In view of the growing need for early detection of breast cancer, Graham et al. (2010) studied the microarray gene expression in histologically normal epithelium of subjects with or without breast cancer.

Association of plasma homocysteine with self-reported sleep apnea is confounded by age: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2005-2006.

High levels of plasma homocysteine are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases especially if accompanied by sleep apnea, but a direct pathogenetic link between plasma homocysteine levels and obstructive sleep apnea is debatable. This association can have far-reaching public health implications considering the inverse association between folate and plasma homocysteine. We used data from the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to test the hypothesized associations.