Green and sustainable technologies for extraction of carotenoids from natural sources: a comprehensive review.

In recent years, driven by increasing consumer demand for natural and healthy convenient foods, the food industry has been shifting from synthetic to natural products. This shift is also reflected in the growing popularity of non-conventional extraction methods for pigments, which are favored for sustainability and environment-friendliness compared to conventional processes. This review aims to investigate the extraction of carotenoids from a variety of natural sources, including marine sources like fungus, microalgae, and crustaceans, as well as widely studied plants like tomatoes and carrots.

What are mycorrhizal traits?

Traits are inherent properties of organisms, but how are they defined for organismal networks such as mycorrhizal symbioses? Mycorrhizal symbioses are complex and diverse belowground symbioses between plants and fungi that have proved challenging to fit into a unified and coherent trait framework. We propose an inclusive mycorrhizal trait framework that classifies traits as morphological, physiological, and phenological features that have functional implications for the symbiosis. We further classify mycorrhizal traits by location - plant, fungus, or the symbiosis - which highlights new questions in trait-based mycorrhizal ecology designed to charge and challenge the scientific community.

World symbiosis day webinar - when living together is a win-win.

The following information is intended for those who were unable to attend the first webinar of the International Symbiosis Society (ISS) on - 'When living together is a win-win' - a celebration of 'World Symbiosis Day' on 30 July 2020. The objective of the webinar was to disseminate information about the Society, to gather feedback, and to encourage the audience to join the Society. This introduction presents a summary of the webinar, highlighting the keynote presentations, the panel discussion, the journal Symbiosis, and the next ISS conference to be held in Lyon in 2022.