PCDH11X mutation as a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint therapies in lung adenocarcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved impressive success in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the response to ICIs varies among patients, and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. PCDH11X is frequently mutated in LUAD, while its role in ICI treatment is unclear.

Cancer SLC6A6-mediated taurine uptake transactivates immune checkpoint genes and induces exhaustion in CD8 T cells.

Taurine is used to bolster immunity, but its effects on antitumor immunity are unclear. Here, we report that cancer-related taurine consumption causes T cell exhaustion and tumor progression. The taurine transporter SLC6A6 is correlated with aggressiveness and poor outcomes in multiple cancers.

A dual-process of targeted and unbiased Nanopore sequencing enables accurate and rapid diagnosis of lower respiratory infections.

Background: Nanopore metagenomics has been used for infectious disease diagnosis for bacterial pathogens. However, this technology currently lacks comprehensive performance studies in clinical settings for simultaneous detection of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Methods: We developed a dual-process of Nanopore sequencing for one sample, with unbiased metagenomics in Meta process and target enrichment in Panel process (Nanopore Meta-Panel process, NanoMP) and prospectively enrolled 450 respiratory specimens from multiple centers.

Circulating cell-free DNA sequencing for early detection of lung cancer.

Introduction: Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in patients with cancer. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) contains comprehensive genetic and epigenetic information from tissues throughout the body, suggesting that early detection of lung cancer can be done non-invasively, conveniently, and cost-effectively using high-sensitivity techniques such as sequencing.

Altered Respiratory Microbiomes, Plasma Metabolites, and Immune Responses in Influenza A Virus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection.

Influenza A virus (IAV)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coinfection causes severe respiratory infections. The host microbiome plays an important role in respiratory tract infections. However, the relationships among the immune responses, metabolic characteristics, and respiratory microbial characteristics of IAV-MRSA coinfection have not been fully studied.

Topography of respiratory tract and gut microbiota in mice with influenza A virus infection.

Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV)-induced dysbiosis may predispose to severe bacterial superinfections. Most studies have focused on the microbiota of single mucosal surfaces; consequently, the relationships between microbiota at different anatomic sites in IAV-infected mice have not been fully studied.

Methods: We characterized respiratory and gut microbiota using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Nanopore sequencers and compared the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, lung and gut microbiomes in healthy and IAV-infected mice.

Endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on inflammatory and remodeling factors.

Background: Previous studies on the endotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) that were based on inflammatory factors have broadened our understanding of the disease. However, the endotype of CRS combined with inflammatory and remodeling features has not yet been clearly elucidated.

Objective: We sought to identify the endotypes of patients with CRS according to inflammatory and remodeling factors.

Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Resistance of From Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients in Eastern China.

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic and potentially lethal infection caused by and complex, which affects both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people, and it has become a major public health concern worldwide. In this study, we characterized the molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of 133 isolates from East China Invasive Fungal Infection Group (ECIFIG), 2017-2020. Isolates were identified to species level by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and confirmed by sequencing.

Development and validation of a blood-based genomic mutation signature to predict the clinical outcomes of atezolizumab therapy in NSCLC.

Objectives: We designed this study to develop a blood-based genomic mutation signature (bGMS) model for predicting the efficacy of atezolizumab therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a non-invasive manner.

Materials And Methods: Patients with NSCLC treated with atezolizumab from POPLAR and OAK clinical trials were included in our study. OAK cohort was defined as the training group, and POPLAR cohort was defined as the validation group.

Risk assessment of type 2 diabetes in northern China based on the logistic regression model.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease with high incidence and serious harm associated with polygenic determination. This study aimed to develop a predictive model so as to assess the risk of T2DM and apply it to health care and disease prevention in northern China.

Objective: Based on genotyping results, a risk warning model for type 2 diabetes was established.

Online reaction based single-step capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment for ssDNA aptamers selection.

Capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX) has proven to be an effective technique for aptamers selection. In this study, we present an online reaction based convenient single-step CE-SELEX (ssCE-SELEX) mode with human thrombin (H-Thr) as a model target. The selection progress was monitored through bulk K analysis, which showed more than a 1000-fold improvement over the initial library after two rounds of selection.

Retinoic acid receptor β, a potential therapeutic target in the inhibition of adenovirus replication.

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) usually cause mild respiratory infections, but they can also lead to fatal outcomes for immunosuppressive patients. Unfortunately, there has been no specific anti-HAdV drug approved for medical use. A better understanding of the nature of virus-host interactions during infection is beneficial to the discovery of potential antiviral targets and new antiviral drugs.

Risk-Predicting Model for Incident of Essential Hypertension Based on Environmental and Genetic Factors with Support Vector Machine.

Essential hypertension (EH) has become a major chronic disease around the world. To build a risk-predicting model for EH can help to interpose people's lifestyle and dietary habit to decrease the risk of getting EH. In this study, we constructed a EH risk-predicting model considering both environmental and genetic factors with support vector machine (SVM).

An Integrative Analysis of the Putative Gefitinib-resistance Related Genes in a Lung Cancer Cell Line Model System.

The epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFRTKI), such as gefitinib and erlotinib have improved the survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, acquired resistance will eventually develop in most patients who initially respond to the therapy. Currently known molecular mechanisms for such an acquired resistance may interpret only about 70% of clinical cases.