Unlocking the Vitamin Puzzle: Investigating Levels in People With Alzheimer's Disease Versus Healthy Controls Through Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intricately tied to the impairment of neurons, crucial for neurological functions. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanism underlying AD development remains elusive due to its multifaceted aetiology. Vitamin deficiency has emerged as a notable contributor to AD onset and progression, exerting a significant influence on brain function.

Pathology-specific lipid alterations with triacylglycerol as a potential biomarker in Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS).

Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) & Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) are two common pathologies of drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE). Inappropriate localization of the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD is a significant contributing factor to the unsatisfactory surgical results observed in FCD cases. Currently, no molecular or cellular indicators are available which can aid in identifying the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD.

Expanding the phenotyping spectrum of Witteveen Kolk syndrome: first report of generalized dystonia and cerebellar ataxia.

Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by distinct facial features, microcephaly, short stature, intellectual disability, and subtle neuroimaging abnormalities. The syndrome is attributed to a loss of function mutation in the SIN3A gene, a member of the switch-insensitive 3 transcription regulator family. Herein, we present a 21-year-old woman with dysmorphic facial features, short stature, and a chronic, progressively worsening symmetric cerebellar ataxia, along with generalized dystonia.

Utility of Tau PET in the diagnostic work up of neurodegenerative dementia among Indian patients.

Background And Objectives: Tau PET is being increasingly appraised as a novel diagnostic modality for dementia work up. Given limited data among South Asians, we assessed the frequency, patterns, phenotypic associations and incremental value of positive Tau PET scans in clinically diagnosed neurodegenerative dementia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD syndromes (September 2021 to October 2022, India).

An Instructional Module for Functional Dissociative Seizures (FDS) in Hindi: Enhancing Communication and Management in India.

Background And Objectives: Functional dissociative seizures (FDS) are very common in neurology clinics, they straddle both neurology and psychiatry. In India, scarce resources and guidelines are available for effectively conveying their diagnosis and management, which leads to a substantial gap in care. We aimed to provide an instructional module for FDS, tailored to clinicians, patients, and caregivers in Hindi, to enhance communication of diagnosis and facilitate suitable management strategies.

Is there any concern of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions with antiseizure medications? A prospective comparative study of valproate vs. levetiracetam.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of insulin resistance and its association with change in serum anti-seizure medication (ASM) level and their pharmacokinetic, body composition and metabolic hormones after six months of levetiracetam (LEV) exposure in persons with epilepsy (PWE) in comparison to valproate (VPA).

Methods: This prospective-longitudinal study included clinically diagnosed PWE on VPA or LEV monotherapy (for<3 months). At enrolment, body weight/composition, BMI were measured and blood samples were collected for assessing metabolic dysfunctions by estimation of serum insulin, insulin resistance [in terms of Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)], leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile along with ASMs level.

SISCOS in focal cortical dysplasia: localization and comparative analysis with MRI.

Purpose: This study evaluates the efficacy of SISCOS (Subtraction ictal-interictal SPECT coregistered to SPECT) in localizing the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), comparing its predictive performance with MRI and post-surgical outcomes based on ILAE classification.

Methods: 84 patients with drug refractory epilepsy (DRE) who were operated and had histopathology consistent with FCD, were included in the study. All patients had undergone a complete work-up including SISCOS and MRI for EZ localization, followed by discussion in the multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery meeting prior to surgery.

Unraveling the genetic basis of epilepsy: Recent advances and implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Epilepsy, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, manifests as recurring seizures and is heavily influenced by genetic factors. Recent advancements in genetic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of epilepsy's genetic landscape. Key studies, such as the discovery of mutations in ion channels (e.

Modified Atkins Diet in Adolescents and Adults with Drug Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Epilepsy is one of the common neurological diseases which affects 65-70 million people worldwide. Modified Atkins diet (MAD) as a therapy is used as one of the treatments to reduce the seizures occurrence in epileptic patients. The purpose of this purpose is to review all evidence regarding the efficacy of the MAD from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adolescents and adults with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Robotic-guided radiofrequency ablative disconnection of hypothalamic hamartoma.

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are benign masses, often associated with drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE). Open surgery as well as the endoscopic disconnection techniques are fraught with a high risk of morbidity and failure rates. The authors have been performing robotic-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation for all types of HH presenting with DRE as a standard procedure at their institution.

Physical fitness in Indian women with epilepsy on anti-seizure medications and its association with reproductive status, quality of life and stigma: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To determine the status of physical fitness, reproductive abnormalities, QOL and epilepsy associated stigma in women with epilepsy (WWE) and their association with ASM therapy and seizure frequency.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included WWE of reproductive age (18-50 years) on antiseizure medications (ASMs) for at least three months before enrolment. Physical fitness was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and Body composition analysis.

Integrated Proteomics and Protein Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Novel Epileptogenic Mechanism in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Over 50 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy, a common neurological disorder that has a high rate of drug resistance and diverse comorbidities such as progressive cognitive and behavioural disorders, and increased mortality from direct or indirect effects of seizures and therapies. Despite extensive research with animal models and human studies, limited insights have been gained into the mechanisms underlying seizures and epileptogenesis, which has not translated into significant reductions in drug resistance, morbidities, or mortality. To better understand the molecular signaling networks associated with seizures in MTLE patients, we analyzed the proteome of brain samples from MTLE and control cases using an integrated approach that combines mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, differential expression analysis, and co-expression network analysis.

Role of non-receptor tyrosine kinases in epilepsy: significance and potential as therapeutic targets.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by a persistent propensity for seizure generation. About one-third of patients do not achieve seizure control with the first-line treatment options, which include >20 antiseizure medications. It is therefore imperative that new medications with novel targets and mechanisms of action are developed.

The multifaceted role of Wnt canonical signalling in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by unprovoked, repetitive seizures caused by abnormal neuronal firing. The Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway is involved in seizure-induced neurogenesis, aberrant neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability associated with epileptic disorder. Wnt/β-Catenin signalling is crucial for early brain development processes including neuronal patterning, synapse formation, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) regulation.

Emerging insights into cephalic neural crest disorders: A single center experience.

Objectives: Neural crest cells (NCCs) are transient structures in the fetal life in vertebrates, which develop at the junctional site of the non-neural and neural ectoderm, sharing a common developmental origin for diverse diseases. After Epithelio-mesenchymal (EMT) of the NCCs within the neural tube, delamination of NCCs occurs. After delamination, the transformation of these cells into various cell lineages produces melanocytes, bones, and cartilage of the skull, cells of the enteric and peripheral nervous system.

Comparative Analysis of Hemispherotomy in Adults versus Children- A Prospective Observational Series.

Background: Hemispherotomy (HS) is an effective treatment for unilateral hemispheric onset epilepsy. There are few publications for HS in adults, and there is no series comparing adults and pediatric patients of HS.

Objective: To compare the hemispherotomies done in adult patients with pediatric ones in terms of efficacy and safety.

Quantification of Neuroinflammatory Markers in Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Resected Brain Samples Obtained from Patients.

Cytokines have the potential to be the ideal biomarkers to track the onset and progression of immune-mediated diseases, study the development of novel therapeutic strategies, and they can serve as outcome parameters due to their crucial role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. It is vital to keep track of the entire cytokine spectrum due to the complex interactions, pleiotropic effects, and redundancy in the cytokine network. The multiplex immunoassay (MIA) is, therefore, the best method for achieving that goal.

Quantification of Neuronal Dendritic Spine Density and Lengths of Apical and Basal Dendrites in Temporal Lobe Structures Using Golgi-Cox Staining.

The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the methods used to investigate the connectivity and structure of the nervous system. These methods allow neuronal cells to be categorized according to their location, shape, and connections to other cells. The Golgi-Cox staining gives a thorough picture of all significant neuronal structures found in the brain that may be distinguished from one another.

Translation and Adaptation of Cognistat in Hindi Language: For Computerized Evaluation of Cognitive Functioning.

Objective: Cognitive assessment is a crucial element of the mental health screening process. However, there is a lack of culturally appropriate cognitive screening tools for the Hindi-speaking aging population in India. We aimed to translate and culturally tailor the English version of the computerized Cognistat test for the Hindi-speaking aging population.