Progression likelihood score identifies substages of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in childhood public health screening.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to develop strategies that identify children from the general population who have late-stage presymptomatic type 1 diabetes and may, therefore, benefit from immune intervention.

Methods: We tested children from Bavaria, Germany, aged 1.75-10 years, enrolled in the Fr1da public health screening programme for islet autoantibodies (n=154,462).

Autoantibodies against ATP4A are a feature of the abundant autoimmunity that develops in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes is associated with autoantibodies to different organs that include the gut. The objective of the study was to determine the risk of developing gastric parietal cell autoimmunity in relation to other autoimmunity in individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Autoantibodies to the parietal cell autoantigen, H /K ATPase subunit A (ATP4A) was measured in 2218 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, who were prospectively followed from birth for a median of 14.

Yield of a Public Health Screening of Children for Islet Autoantibodies in Bavaria, Germany.

Importance: Public health screening for type 1 diabetes in its presymptomatic stages may reduce disease severity and burden on a population level.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in children participating in a public health screening program for islet autoantibodies and the risk for progression to clinical diabetes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Screening for islet autoantibodies was offered to children aged 1.

Landmark models to define the age-adjusted risk of developing stage 1 type 1 diabetes across childhood and adolescence.

Background: Autoimmune diseases are often preceded by an asymptomatic autoantibody-positive phase. In type 1 diabetes, the detection of autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens in genetically at-risk children is prognostic for future clinical diabetes. Testing for islet autoantibodies is, therefore, performed in a range of clinical studies.

Age, HLA, and Sex Define a Marked Risk of Organ-Specific Autoimmunity in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Autoimmune diseases can be diagnosed early through the detection of autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of organ-specific autoimmunity in individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: The study cohort included 2,441 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who were prospectively followed from birth to a maximum of 29.

Cytoplasmic ends of tetraspanin 7 harbour epitopes recognised by autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The beta cell protein tetraspanin 7 is a target of autoantibodies in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify autoantibody epitope-containing regions and key residues for autoantibody binding.

Methods: Autoantibody epitope regions were identified by immunoprecipitation of luciferase-tagged single or multiple tetraspanin 7 domains using tetraspanin 7 antibody-positive sera.

Associations of maternal type 1 diabetes with childhood adiposity and metabolic health in the offspring: a prospective cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: Exposure to an intrauterine hyperglycaemic environment has been suggested to increase the offspring's later risk for being overweight or having metabolic abnormalities, but conclusive evidence for pregnancies affected by maternal type 1 diabetes is still lacking. This study aims to analyse the relationship between maternal type 1 diabetes and the offspring's metabolic health and investigate whether birthweight and/or changes in the offspring's metabolome are in the potential pathway.

Methods: We analysed data from 610 and 2169 offspring having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes from the TEENDIAB and BABYDIAB/BABYDIET cohorts, respectively.

Novel minor HLA DR associated antigens in type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease leading to insulin deficiency. Autoantibodies to beta cell proteins are already present in the asymptomatic phase of type 1 diabetes. Recent findings have suggested a number of additional minor autoantigens in patients with type 1 diabetes.