Effect of probiotic administration to breastfeeding mothers with very low birthweight neonates on some neonatal and maternal outcomes: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Premature birth and very low birth weight (VLBW) are leading causes of neonatal mortality. Almost all premature infants experience hyperbilirubinaemia. Administering probiotics to breastfeeding mothers may positively affect infant outcomes.

The effect of behavioral therapy based counseling with anxious mothers on their infants' colic: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Given the possible effect of maternal anxiety on the severity of colic pain in infants, this study aimed to investigate the effects of behavioral therapy counseling on infantile colic (primary outcome), maternal anxiety, and mother-infant attachment (secondary outcomes) in anxious mothers with colicky infants.

Method: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 46 anxious mothers of 2-6-weeks-old exclusively breastfed colicky infants who had a score of 112 and above according to the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS), reffered to the pediatric clinics of Al-Zahra, Taleghani and Children Hospitals of Tabriz, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 23) and control (n = 23) groups using randomized block design.

Evaluation of melatonin efficacy in prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborn infants.

Background: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Melatonin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin in the prevention of BPD in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Intratracheal Administration of Surfactant and Budesonide Combination in Comparison to Surfactant for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major problem in preterm infants occurring in up to 50% of infants born at < 28 weeks gestational age. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BPD. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intratracheal budesonide administration in combination with a surfactant in preventing BPD in preterm infants.

The efficacy of intratracheal administration of surfactant and budesonide combination in the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major problem in preterm infants that occurs in up to 50% of preterm infants. The inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy intratracheal budesonide administration in combination with surfactant in the prevention of BPD in preterm infants.

Evaluating the effects of different doses of ursodeoxycholic acid on neonatal jaundice.

Background: Icterus tends to be one of the most prevalent causes of neonatal hospitalization. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the different doses of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on neonatal jaundice.

Method: In this study, 120 newborns who were hospitalized for phototherapy were randomly assigned.

Comparing the Efficacy of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Early Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants.

Objectives: There is a tendency to use noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as a substitute for mechanical ventilation in preterm infants who need respiratory support. Two important modes of NIV include nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We sought to compare the efficacy of NCPAP and NIPPV as early respiratory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome in reducing the need for intubation, surfactant administration, and mechanical ventilation.

The effects of flexed (fetal tucking) and extended (free body) postures on the daily sleep quantity of hospitalized premature infants: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Proper sleep is essential for the development of premature infants. Infants, during hospitalization, might suffer from inappropriate postures and insufficient sleep hours. To compare the daily sleep quantities of premature infants in flexed (facilitated fetal tucking) posture and extended (free body) posture.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can lead to severe visual impairment. This study was conducted to determine the levels of biochemical mediators (i. e.

Serum selenium levels of the very low birth weight premature newborn infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: The selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that has a critical role in synthesis and activity of a number of selenoproteins with protective properties against free radical damage. This study was conducted to detect the serum Se concentration in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants and its association with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Materials And Methods: Cord blood Se concentration was determined in 54 neonates with gestation age 30 week or less.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of visual impairment in preterm newborn infants.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether insulin-like growth factor binding protein -3 (IGFBP-3) is associated with proliferative ROP and has a role in pathogenesis of the disease in premature infants.

Materials And Methods: A total of 71 preterm infants born at or before 32 weeks of gestation participated in this study.

Umbilical vascular catheter associated portal vein thrombosis detected by ultrasound.

Objective: To determine catheter-associated thrombosis by color Doppler ultrasound and to detect duration of catheter placement as a risk factor for thrombosis.

Methods: All newborn infants with umbilical vascular catheterization for more than 6 h duration were included in this study. Color Doppler ultrasound examination was performed within 24-48 h of catheter insertion, 48-72 h after its withdrawal and weekly until hospital discharge or clot resolution.

Exchange transfusion in severe hyperbilirubinemia: an experience in northwest Iran.

Our goal was to determine the indications for exchange transfusion (ECT) and the rates of ECT-related adverse events in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We reviewed retrospectively the medical charts of all newborns that had undergone ECT over three years from January 2006 to December 2008. Causes of jaundice, demographic data of the patients, and details of ECT and ECT-related adverse events were recorded.

Complications among premature neonates treated with beractant and poractant alfa.

Objective: To compare the complications among preterm infants treated with two different natural surfactants.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 150 preterm infants with Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated with exogenous surfactant, were enrolled in the study. Group A consisted of 79 neonates that received poractant (curosurf).

Goldenhar syndrome in an infant of diabetic mother.

Background: Goldenhar syndrome (oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia) is a rare congenital anomaly with unknown etiology and consists of non accidental association of hemifacial microsomia, auricular anomalies, epibulbar dermoid and vertebral anomalies. Although some malformations are more frequent in infants of diabetic mothers, developmental defects of first and second branchial arch is not a common finding in these patients.

Case Presentation: We report a female case of Goldenhar syndrome in a newborn infant of a diabetic mother (IDM).

The effect of clofibrate with phototherapy in late pre-term newborns with non-hemolytic jaundice.

Background: Despite an understanding of the enzymatic pathways leading to bilirubin production and degradation, very few pharmacologic interventions are utilized and the mainstay of treatment remains phototherapy.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of clofibrate in reducing total serum bilirubin levels in late pre-term neonates with non-hemolytic jaundice.

Design And Setting: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial; tertiary level neonatal unit.

Comparison of umbilical cord interleukin-6 in preterm infants with premature rupture of membranes and intact membranes.

Objective: To compare inflammatory mediators in the cord blood of premature newborn infants with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and intact membranes.

Methods: Eighty-nine premature neonates with gestational age of 27-34 weeks that delivered in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from June 2005 to March 2006 were enrolled in a prospective observational study, and their umbilical cord plasma was collected at birth. They were allocated into 2 groups (45 patients with PROM, and 44 neonates with intact membranes).