Correction to: Balloon expandable coronary stent materials: a systematic review focused on clinical success.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00009-w.].

Balloon expandable coronary stent materials: a systematic review focused on clinical success.

Balloon expandable coronary stenting has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology as a potential, minimally invasive modality for treating coronary artery disease. Even though stenting is successful compared to angioplasty (that leaves no stent in place), still there are many associated clinical complications. Bare metal stents are associated with in-stent restenosis caused mostly by neointimal hyperplasia, whereas success of drug-eluting stents comes at the expense of late-stent thrombosis and neoatherosclerosis.

Surface-modified WE43 magnesium alloys for reduced degradation and superior biocompatibility.

WE43 magnesium alloy was modified using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and characterized to evaluate the influence of sub-micron surface modification on degradation rate and in vitro behavior. Modified surface was characterized for wettability, hardness, roughness, degradation rate, in vitro biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity as per the ASTM standards. The treated substrates proved to have a significant decrease in the degradation profile by creating micro pockets of oxidation channels and reducing the total delamination in comparison to the conventional heterogeneous oxide layer formed on the untreated substrate surface.

In Vivo Assessment of a Triple Periodic Minimal Surface Based Biomimmetic Gyroid as an Implant Material in a Rabbit Tibia Model.

Biomimetic approaches to implant construction are a rising frontier in implantology. Triple Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS)-based additively manufactured gyroid structures offer a mean curvature of zero, rendering this structure an ideal porous architecture. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of these structures to effectively mimic the mechanical cues required for optimal implant construction.

production of low-modulus Ti-Nb alloys by selective laser melting and their functional assessment toward orthopedic applications.

This work aimed to manufacture Ti-28.5Nb and Ti-40.0Nb (wt%) alloys selective laser melting (SLM) from Ti and Nb elemental powders.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Shaping the Future of Early-Stage Bone Loss Detection-A Review.

Osteoporosis is the deterioration of bone mineral density (BMD) because of an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, which might happen due to lots of factors like age, hormonal imbalance, and several others. While this occurrence is prevalent in both genders, it is more common in women, especially postmenopausal women. It is an asymptomatic disease that is underlying until the first incidence of a fracture.

Isolation and spectral characterisation of bioactives from sea weed . - using & high throughput analytical techniques.

This work is the first report dealing with the identification and characterisation of the secondary metabolites of the ethanolic extract of The ethanolic extract of was analysed by LCMS& Direct mass spectral analysis which is allowed to identify and Interpreted 6 & 15 compounds. The main constituents were caffeic acid, rosemary acid, Perilic acid, strychnine, hydroxy stearic acid, respectively. The extract further purified by column chromatography 15 fractions was isolated, out of which Perilic acid and strychnine are in high quantities.

Surface nanocrystallization enhances the biomedical performance of additively manufactured stainless steel.

Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of patient-specific implants of complex geometries. Although selective laser melting (SLM) of 316L stainless steel (SS) is well established, post-processing is essential to preparing high-performance biomedical implants. The goal of this study was to investigate surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) as a means to enhance the electrochemical, biomechanical, and biological performances of 316L SS fabricated by SLM in devices for the repair of bone tissues.

Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Performance of Axial Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings.

Axial suspension plasma spraying (ASPS) is an alternative technique to atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), which uses a suspension of much finer powders (<5-micron particle size) as the feedstock. It can produce more refined microstructures than APS for biomedical implants. This paper highlights the influence of incorporated graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the behavior of ASPS hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings.

Anisotropy of Additively Manufactured Co-28Cr-6Mo Influences Mechanical Properties and Biomedical Performance.

Additive manufacturing (AM) of biomedical alloys such as Co-Cr-Mo alloys holds immense potential for fabricating implants with complex geometry and tailored to meet patient-specific needs. However, layer-by-layer fabrication in AM processes results in undesired anisotropy due to the solidification texture and grain morphology. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of build orientation on the mechanical properties and functional performance, including tribocorrosion behavior and cytocompatibility of an orthopedic Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy manufactured by selective laser melting.

A Review on Development of Bio-Inspired Implants Using 3D Printing.

Biomimetics is an emerging field of science that adapts the working principles from nature to fine-tune the engineering design aspects to mimic biological structure and functions. The application mainly focuses on the development of medical implants for hard and soft tissue replacements. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is an established processing norm with a superior resolution and control over process parameters than conventional methods and has allowed the incessant amalgamation of biomimetics into material manufacturing, thereby improving the adaptation of biomaterials and implants into the human body.

A Critical Review on Polymeric Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications.

Natural and synthetic polymers have been explored for many years in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration. Researchers have developed many new strategies to design successful advanced polymeric biomaterials. In this review, we summarized the recent notable advancements in the preparation of smart polymeric biomaterials with self-healing and shape memory properties.

An overview of bio-actuation in collagen hydrogels: a mechanobiological phenomenon.

Due to their congruity with the native extracellular matrix and their ability to assist in soft tissue repair, hydrogels have been touted as a matrix mimicking biomaterial. Hydrogels are one of the prevalent scaffolds used for 3D cell culture. They can exhibit actuation in response to various stimuli like a magnetic field, electric field, mechanical force, temperature, or pH.

Tailoring biocompatible Ti-Zr-Nb-Hf-Si metallic glasses based on high-entropy alloys design approach.

Present work unveils novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible glassy Ti-Zr-Nb-Hf-Si alloys designed based on a high entropy alloys approach, by exploring the central region of multi-component alloy phase space. Phase analysis has revealed the amorphous structure of developed alloys, with a higher thermal stability than the conventional metallic glasses. The alloys exhibit excellent corrosion properties in simulated body fluid.

Properties of scaffolds based on chitosan and collagen with bioglass 45S5.

Scaffolds based on chitosan (CTS), collagen (Coll) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) mixtures cross-linked by tannic acid (TA) with bioglass 45S5 addition were obtained with the use of the freeze-drying method. The prepared scaffolds were characterised for morphology, mechanical strength and degradation rate. Moreover, cell viability on the obtained scaffolds was measured with and without the presence of ascorbic acid and dexamethasone.

Biocompatible High Entropy Alloys with Excellent Degradation Resistance in a Simulated Physiological Environment.

Bioimplants are susceptible to simultaneous wear and corrosion degradation in the aggressive physiological environment. High entropy alloys with equimolar proportion of constituent elements represent a unique alloy design strategy for developing bioimplants due to their attractive mechanical properties, superior wear, and corrosion resistance. In this study, the tribo-corrosion behavior of an equiatomic MoNbTaTiZr high entropy alloy consisting of all biocompatible elements was evaluated and compared with 304 stainless steel as a benchmark.

Endothelial progenitor/stem cells in engineered vessels for vascular transplantation.

Background: Dysfunction of blood vessel leads to aneurysms, myocardial infarction and other thrombosis conditions. Current treatment strategies are transplantation of blood vessels from one part of the body to other dysfunction area, or allogenic, synthetic. Due to shortage of the donor, painful dissection, and lack of efficacy in synthetic, there is a need for alternative to native blood vessels for transplantation.

Design, characterization and in vitro evaluation of thin films enriched by tannic acid complexed by Fe(III) ions.

Materials based on carbohydrate polymers may be used for biomedical application. However, materials based on natural polymers have weak physicochemical properties. Thereby, there is a challenge to improve their properties without initiation of toxicity.

Exosomes in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region.

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, released from different tissues in a living individual. By virtue of their ability to be released from both the normal and diseased individual, they play an inevitable role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspect of a disease. With this background, the untapped role of exosomes in the field of oral and maxillofacial region is unveiled.

Surface mechanical attrition treatment of low modulus Ti-Nb-Ta-O alloy for orthopedic applications.

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is recognized as a surface severe plastic deformation (SPD) method that is effective in improving the surface-dependent mechanical and functional properties of conventional metallic biomaterials. In this study, we aimed to systemically investigate the effect of SMAT on the physical, electrochemical, tribological and biological performances of a newly developed low modulus β Ti-Nb-Ta-O alloy with two different microstructures, namely, single phase β-treated and dual phase β + α aged. The microhardness results showed considerable hardening for the β-treated condition due to formation of deformation substructures; that was associated with increased corrosion resistance resulting from a stronger and denser passive layer on the surface, as revealed by Tafel polarization, impedance studies and Mott-Scottky plots.

Enhanced Biocorrosion Resistance and Cellular Response of a Dual-Phase High Entropy Alloy through Reduced Elemental Heterogeneity.

The leaching out of toxic elements from metallic bioimplants has serious repercussions, including allergies, peripheral neuritis, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, leading to revision or replacement surgeries. The development of advanced structural materials with excellent biocompatibility and superior corrosion resistance in the physiological environment holds great significance. High entropy alloys (HEAs) with a huge compositional design space and outstanding mechanical and functional properties can be promising for bioimplant applications.

Enhanced Tribocorrosion Resistance of Hard Ceramic Coated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Hip Implant Application: In-Vitro Simulation Study.

Developing coatings for various applications is an area of research of uttermost importance, to protect surfaces from severe damage by improving the wear and corrosion resistance of the materials. Recently, there has been increasing interest in ceramic coatings for biomedical applications, as the surface may become more inert in nature for the biological reactions and potentially increase the lifespan of the implants and minimize the side effects on the patients. Hence this study is focused on the tribocorrosion behavior of the ceramic coatings for the hip implant application on commonly used implant titanium alloy.

Role of aging induced α precipitation on the mechanical and tribocorrosive performance of a β Ti-Nb-Ta-O orthopedic alloy.

A low modulus β Ti-Nb-Ta-O alloy was subjected to heat treatment to investigate its phase stability upon aging. The resultant effect on the mechanical and functional properties was systematically evaluated. The aging of the β-only microstructure, obtained by solutionizing and quenching, resulted in the formation of ultrafine α-precipitates with increasing order of size as the aging temperature increased from 400 °C to 600 °C.