Protective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Against Oxidative Stress Mediated by Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats.

The present study reports beneficial effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. Rats were orally administered with sodium arsenite dissolved in distilled water (25 ppm, by oral gavage) for 8 weeks or HT (10 mg/kg b. wt.

Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol in arsenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain.

The present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. Rats exposed to sodium arsenite (25 ppm for 8 weeks) showed decreased mitochondrial complexes (I, II, IV) activities, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase activities in brain mitochondria. As-treated rats showed reduced mRNA expression of complex I (ND-1, ND-2), IV (COX-1, COX-4) subunits, and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2).

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review.

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid present ubiquitously on earth. Since the last decade, it has gained considerable attention due to its severe neurotoxic effects. Arsenic can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in different regions of the brain suggesting its role in neurological diseases.

Biochemical and Molecular Alterations Following Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Brain.

Oxidative stress is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is supposed to be one of the mechanisms of arsenic-induced neurodegeneration. Mitochondria, being the major source of ROS generation may present an important target of arsenic-mediated neurotoxicity. Hence, we planned the study to elucidate the possible biochemical and molecular alterations induced by arsenic exposure in rat brain mitochondria.

Complete genome sequencing and evolutionary phylogeography analysis of Indian isolates of Dengue virus type 1.

Dengue is now hyper-endemic in most parts of south and southeast Asia including India. The northern India particularly national capital New Delhi witnessed major Dengue outbreaks with Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) as the dominant serotype since last five years. This study was initiated to decipher the complete genome information of recently circulating DENV-1 (2009-2011) along with the prototype Indian DENV-1, isolated in 1956.

Molecular and virological investigation of a focal chikungunya outbreak in northern India.

Chikungunya (CHIK) fever is one of the most important arboviral infections of medical significance. The objective of the present study is to identify and characterize the etiology of a focal febrile arthritis outbreak from Gwalior, northern India, during October-November 2010. A detailed virological (isolation) and molecular (end-point RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, and nucleotide sequencing) investigation of this outbreak was carried out by collecting and studying 52 clinical samples and 15 mosquito pools from the affected region.

Application of real-time RT-PCR in vector surveillance and assessment of replication kinetics of an emerging novel ECSA genotype of Chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti.

Chikungunya has emerged as one of the most important arboviral infection of global significance. Expansion of Chikungunya virus endemic areas can be ascribed to naive population, increasing vector population and adaptability of virus to new vector. In this study, a SYBR Green I based quantitative RT-PCR assay was developed.

Complete genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of Indian isolates of Dengue virus type 2.

Dengue is the most important arboviral infection of global public health significance. It is now endemic in most parts of the South East Asia including India. Though Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) is predominantly associated with major outbreaks in India, complete genome information of Indian DENV-2 is not available.

Molecular detection and characterization of West Nile virus associated with multifocal retinitis in patients from southern India.

Background: In late 2009/early 2010, approximately 2000 people were affected by a mysterious viral outbreak in a southern district of Tamil Nadu; this particularly affected those living in coastal areas. Blood samples from affected patients were sent for clinical analysis to determine the actual cause of the illness, but reports were inconclusive.

Methods: The present study describes the clinical observations and laboratory investigations involving molecular methods performed on 170 of the 2000 clinically suspected cases.