Three Different Rapidly Prototyped Polymeric Substrates With Interdigitated Electrodes for Escherichia coli Sensing: A Comparative Study.

This work delves upon the development of different types of miniaturized and 3D printed devices having interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The IDEs were fabricated using different approaches including laser-induced graphene (LIG) on polyamide, direct laser writing on glass, and polymeric 3D printing technique, and their suitability for bacteria detection has been compared.