Agmatine diminishes behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by associative fear conditioning. Single prolonged stress (SPS) is a widely accepted reliable animal model to stimulate PTSD. Agmatine is an endogenous neuromodulator of stress; however, its effect on PTSD remains to be investigated.

Navigating the intersection: Diabetes and Alzheimer's intertwined relationship.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Diabetes mellitus (DM) exhibit comparable pathophysiological pathways. Genetic abnormalities in APP, PS-1, and PS-2 are linked to AD, with diagnostic aid from CSF and blood biomarkers. Insulin dysfunction, termed "type 3 diabetes mellitus" in AD, involves altered insulin signalling and neuronal shrinkage.

Agmatine alleviates ethanol withdrawal-associated cognitive impairment and neurochemical imbalance in rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of agmatine in the neurobiology underlying memory impairment during ethanol withdrawal in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 21-day chronic ethanol exposure regimen (2.4 % w/v ethanol for 3 days, 4.

Molecular understanding of ER-MT communication dysfunction during neurodegeneration.

Biological researchers are seeing organelles in a new light. These cellular entities have been believed to be singular and distinctive structures that performed specialized purposes for a very long time. But in recentpast years, scientists have learned that organelles become dynamic and make physical contact.

Mitophagy regulation in aging and neurodegenerative disease.

Mitochondria are the primary cellular energy generators, supplying the majority of adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation, which is necessary for neuron function and survival. Mitophagy is the metabolic process of eliminating dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. It is a type of autophagy and it is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and neuronal health.

Agmatine improves the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with chronic gestational ethanol exposure in rats.

Chronic maternal ethanol exposure leads to poor intelligence, impaired cognition and array of neurological symptoms in offsprings and commonly referred as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Despite high prevalence and severity, the neurochemical basis of FASD remains largely unexplored. The present study evaluated the pharmacological effects of agmatine in cognitive deficits associated with FAS in rat's offsprings prenatally exposed to alcohol.

Agmatine modulates anxiety and depression-like behaviour in diabetic insulin-resistant rats.

Epidemiological studies indicated that mood disorders like depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between T2DM and depression have yet to be identified. Thus, understanding the neural mechanisms that mediate the co-morbidity of depression and type-II diabetes mellitus may unlock new pharmacological treatments for this condition.

Agmatine reverses ethanol consumption in rats: Evidences for an interaction with imidazoline receptors.

Alcohol is one of the most widely abused recreational drugs, largely linked with serious health and social concerns. However, the treatment options for alcohol-use disorders have limited efficacy and exhibit a range of adverse drug reactions. Large numbers of preclinical studies have projected a biogenic amine, agmatine as a promising potential treatment option for drug addiction, including alcoholism.

Agmatine Inhibits Behavioral Sensitization to Ethanol Through Imidazoline Receptors.

Background: Locomotor sensitization to repeated ethanol (EtOH) administration is proposed to play a role in early and recurring steps of addiction. The present study was designed to examine the effect of agmatine on EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization in mice.

Methods: Mice received daily single intraperitoneal injection of EtOH (2.

Acute orexigenic effect of agmatine involves interaction between central α-adrenergic and GABAergic receptors.

Agmatine and GABA have been abundantly expressed in brain nuclei involved in regulation of energy homeostasis and promoting stimulation of food intake in rodents. However, their mutual interaction, if any, in the elicitation of feeding behavior is largely remains unclear. The current study provides experimental evidence for the possible interaction of agmatine, adrenergic and GABAergic systems in stimulation of feeding in satiated rats.

Imidazoline binding sites mediates anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine in marble-burying behavior in mice.

Agmatine is a cationic amine formed by decarboxylation of l-arginine by the mitochondrial enzyme arginine decarboxylase and widely distributed in mammalian brain. Although the precise function of endogenous agmatine has been largely remained unclear, its exogenous administration demonstrated beneficial effects in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. This study was planned to examine the role of imidazoline binding sites in the anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine on marble-burying behavior.

Agmatine attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress induced behavioral alteration in mice.

Chronic stress exposure and resulting dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis develops susceptibility to variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Agmatine, a putative neurotransmitter has been reported to be released in response to various stressful stimuli to maintain the homeostasis. Present study investigated the role of agmatine on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice.

Possible involvement of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in antidepressant like effect of agmatine in rats.

Agmatine and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are widely distributed in central nervous system and critically involved in modulation of depressive behavior in experimental animals. However their mutual interaction, if any, in regulation of depression remain largely unexplored. In the present study we explored the possible interaction between agmatine and neuropeptide Y in regulation of depression like behavior in forced swim test.

Participation of central imidazoline binding sites in antinociceptive effect of ethanol and nicotine in rats.

Despite synergistic morbidity and mortality, concomitant consumption of alcohol and tobacco is increasing, and their antinociceptive effect has been linked with co-abuse. Present study was designed to investigate the role of imidazoline binding sites in the antinociceptive effect of nicotine, ethanol, and their combination. Separate group of male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were treated with different doses of alcohol (0.

Evidences for the agmatine involvement in antidepressant like effect of bupropion in mouse forced swim test.

Although bupropion has been widely used in the treatment of depression, the precise mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of agmatine in an antidepressant like effect of bupropion in mouse forced swim test. The antidepressant like effect of bupropion was potentiated by pretreatment with agmatine (10-20mg/kg, ip) and by the drugs known to increase endogenous agmatine levels in brain viz.

Evidences for the involvement of sigma receptors in antidepressant like effect of quetiapine in mice.

Although quetiapine is routinely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, the precise mechanism of its antidepressant activity is poorly understood. Since quetiapine binds with sigma receptor, the possibility exists that antidepressant action of quetiapine may be mediated through interaction with sigma receptors. In the present study, quetiapine [40-80 μg/mouse, intracerebroventricular (i.