Bilateral Whole Lung Lavage in Hereditary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a 4-year-old Child Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Unlabelled: The hereditary form of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an uncommon entity. We report a case of PAP due to colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha (CSF2RA) gene mutation. The standard of care includes whole lung lavage (WLL).

Efficacy and safety of prolonged daily hemodialysis in critically ill children weighing less than 10 kg.

Introduction: Extracorporeal renal replacement therapy may be needed in those infants in whom peritoneal dialysis is not feasible or is ineffective. Prolonged daily hemodialysis (PDHD) remains the only available extracorporeal dialytic modality in children weighing less than 10 kg, in setups where continuous renal replacement therapy is unavailable and sustained low-efficiency dialysis is not feasible due to lack of dedicated HD machines capable of delivering very low dialysate flows. The use of PDHD in critically ill children weighing less than 10 kg has not received much attention.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Extreme Hypernatremia in a 4-Year-Old Girl.

A 4-year-old girl admitted with altered mental status, new-onset diabetes mellitus, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) had a rapid rise in serum sodium from 158 mEq/L (corrected sodium 165 mEq/L) at the admission to 204 mEq/L within 18 hours of admission despite standard fluid and insulin therapy recommended for the treatment of DKA. During her illness, she developed arterial and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bloodstream infection with Candida species, and extensive skin blistering and denudation. The child needed mechanical ventilation, insulin infusion, careful fluid titration to bring down the sodium gradually, and low-molecular weight heparin for her DVT.