Association Between Hospital Type and Resilience During COVID-19 Caseload Stress : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Imbalances between hospital caseload and care resources that strained U.S. hospitals during the pandemic have persisted after the pandemic amid ongoing staff shortages.

Carbapenem use in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales infections in US hospitals and influence of IDSA guidance: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Disparate and rapidly changing practice recommendations from major professional infectious diseases societies for managing non-severe infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales might hamper carbapenem stewardship. We aimed to understand the real-world management of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ECR) Enterobacterales infections in US hospitals and factors influencing preference for carbapenems over alternative treatments.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults (aged ≥18 years) admitted to hospital with ECR Enterobacterales infections in the PINC AI database.

Assessing Clinician Utilization of Next-Generation Antibiotics Against Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in U.S. Hospitals : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The U.S. antibiotic market failure has threatened future innovation and supply.

Measures and Impact of Caseload Surge During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic surges strained hospitals globally. We performed a systematic review to examine measures of pandemic caseload surge and its impact on mortality of hospitalized patients.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.

Metformin use and respiratory outcomes in asthma-COPD overlap.

Background: Metformin is associated with improved respiratory outcomes in asthma; however, metformin in COPD and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) remains unexplored.

Objective: To determine the association between metformin use and respiratory outcomes in COPD and ACO.

Study Design And Methods: Participants with COPD (FEV1/FVC < 0.

Lung Function, Coronary Artery Disease, and Mortality in HIV.

Impaired lung function is a potent independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, the relationship between lung function and CAD in HIV remains undefined. To examine the relationship between lung function, CAD, mortality, and circulating biomarkers in HIV. Spirometry, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dl), emphysema, coronary artery calcium, mortality, cause of death, and biomarkers were examined in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals enrolled in a cohort study at the University of Pittsburgh.

Detecting past and ongoing natural selection among ethnically Tibetan women at high altitude in Nepal.

Adaptive evolution in humans has rarely been characterized for its whole set of components, i.e. selective pressure, adaptive phenotype, beneficial alleles and realized fitness differential.

Correction: A longitudinal cline characterizes the genetic structure of human populations in the Tibetan plateau.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A longitudinal cline characterizes the genetic structure of human populations in the Tibetan plateau.

Indigenous populations of the Tibetan plateau have attracted much attention for their good performance at extreme high altitude. Most genetic studies of Tibetan adaptations have used genetic variation data at the genome scale, while genetic inferences about their demography and population structure are largely based on uniparental markers. To provide genome-wide information on population structure, we analyzed new and published data of 338 individuals from indigenous populations across the plateau in conjunction with worldwide genetic variation data.

Sustained use of biogas fuel and blood pressure among women in rural Nepal.

Background: More than two fifths of the world's population cook with solid fuels and are exposed to household air pollution (HAP). As of now, no studies have assessed whether switching to alternative fuels like biogas could impact cardiovascular health among cooks previously exposed to solid fuel use.

Methods: We conducted a propensity score matched cross-sectional study to explore if the sustained use of biogas fuel for at least ten years impacts blood pressure among adult female cooks of rural Nepal.

Admixture facilitates genetic adaptations to high altitude in Tibet.

Admixture is recognized as a widespread feature of human populations, renewing interest in the possibility that genetic exchange can facilitate adaptations to new environments. Studies of Tibetans revealed candidates for high-altitude adaptations in the EGLN1 and EPAS1 genes, associated with lower haemoglobin concentration. However, the history of these variants or that of Tibetans remains poorly understood.

Quality of life among people living with acquired immune deficiency syndrome receiving anti-retroviral therapy: a study from Nepal.

Purpose: The present study was undertaken to determine the impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the quality of life of affected individuals in Nepal.

Patients And Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 70 individuals attending the Anti-Retroviral Therapy clinic of the University Hospital in Nepal. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated using World Health Organization Quality of life questionnaire (WHO QOL-BREF) instrument.

Acclimatisation in trekkers with and without recent exposure to high altitude.

In mountaineers, recent altitude exposure has been shown to improve climbing performance and clinical outcomes during re-exposure to high altitude. However, the timing of previous altitude exposure has not been clearly reported and previous findings might be driven by individuals who were still acclimatised at the time of re-exposure. Our goal was to determine whether recent altitude exposure would confer an advantage even in individuals who had de-acclimatised for ≥ 1 week before being re-exposure.