Relationship among shoulder proprioception, kinematics, and pain after stroke.

Objective: To identify a possible relationship among chronic poststroke shoulder pain (PSSP), scapular resting pose, and shoulder proprioception.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Rehabilitation center.

Proprioception of the shoulder after stroke.

Objective: To investigate position sense and kinesthesia of the shoulders of stroke patients.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: A rehabilitation center.

Kinematic alterations in the ipsilateral shoulder of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke.

Objective: To evaluate the assumption that shoulder kinematic patterns of the ipsilateral, nonparetic shoulder in hemiplegia are similar to kinematics recorded in a healthy population.

Design: Case control study of a convenience sample of ten patients with hemiplegia due to stroke in the subacute phase compared with a control group of similar age. Three-dimensional positions of the scapula and humerus were measured and expressed in Euler angles as a function of active arm elevation in the frontal and sagittal plane and during passive humeral internal/external rotation at an elevation angle of 90 degrees in the frontal and sagittal plane.