ATF4-dependent and independent mitokine secretion from OPA1 deficient skeletal muscle in mice is sexually dimorphic.

Introduction: Reducing Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression in skeletal muscle in male mice induces Activation Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) and the integrated stress response (ISR). Additionally, skeletal muscle secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is increased, which mediates metabolic adaptations including resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and glucose intolerance in these mice. Although FGF21 induction in this model can be reversed with pharmacological attenuation of ER stress, it remains to be determined if ATF4 is responsible for FGF21 induction and its metabolic benefits in this model.

Two Cases of Testicular Tuberculosis and Review of the Recent Literature.

In this review, two cases of testicular tuberculosis (TB) are presented, and another 58 cases published in PubMed between January 1, 2012, and July 31, 2023, are reviewed. Testicular TB remains a disease mainly of the developing world, with one notable exception - the infections caused as a result of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin infusion immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Its clinical course is subacute; however, it might get disseminated and become life-threatening; therefore, prompt diagnosis is very important.

Apophysitis of the Ischial Tuberosity: A Case Report.

Introduction: Sports-related recurrent injuries (microtrauma and trauma) of the apophyses are common in children and adolescents and could result in specific pathologies. One of them is the apophysitis or apophysiolysis of ischial tuberosity (Valtancoli or Kremser's disease) due to contraction of hamstrings, in sports with sudden accelerations and decelerations.

Case Report: We present the case of a male athlete who complained of pain in the left buttock and difficulty walking after a 3months old reported trauma with pain and hematoma in his left thigh, during a kick with his contralateral leg.

[A possible late complication of Mason's vertical gastroplasty: the erosion of the vertical band].

Aim: To evaluate possible adverse consequences and complications following the procedure of Mason-McLeans Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG), and in those cases the possibility to be related to a surgical mistake.

Personal Experience: It is based on a casuistic of more than 180 patients, submitted to this restrictive bariatric surgery in the same institution since 2001. Controls of the prescribed postop follow up revealed a very low rate of complications, as only in three cases, all of them with spontaneous presentation, there was a complication related to the banding.

[Main points of vertical banded gastroplasty technique in open surgery].

VGP represents the single more diffuse bariatric operation among the others restrictive ones, proposed and used from Mason since 1970. Other restrictive operations followed, introduced in the surgical armamentarium, but the Mason-like procedure remained the reference one, although with variations introduced by the single surgeon. On a basis of a personal experience of 163 patients operated with VGP, the Authors report the personal modifications of the procedure, in search of safety and better results.