Lipoprotein insulin resistance score and risk of incident diabetes during extended follow-up of 20 years: The Women's Health Study.

Background: Type II diabetes (T2D) is preceded by prolonged insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency incompletely captured by glucose metabolism parameters, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides.

Objective: Whether lipoprotein insulin resistance (LPIR) score, a metabolomic marker, is associated with incident diabetes and improves risk reclassification over traditional markers on extended follow-up.

Methods: Among 25,925 nondiabetic women aged 45 years or older, LPIR was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a weighted score of very low density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and HDL particle sizes, and their subsets concentrations.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation alone or with calcium on adiposity measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Context: The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for literature published from 1966 to March 2014.