Parallel Multi-Gene Panel Testing for Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism/Kallmann Syndrome.

Kallmann syndrome (KS)/Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia due to the abnormal migration of olfactory and gonadotropin releasing hormone producing neurons. Multiple genes have been implicated in KS/IHH. Sequential testing of these genes utilising Sanger sequencing is time consuming and not cost effective.

Osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study from a teaching hospital in southern India.

Objectives: Osteoporosis continues to be underrecognized in many parts of India. This study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women referred for a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan in a teaching hospital in southern India.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study assessed the state of awareness in consecutive postmenopausal women referred for a DXA scan using a validated questionnaire - Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool.

An uncommon cause of dysphagia.

Lingual thyroid is an abnormal mass of ectopic thyroid tissue seen in the base of tongue caused due to aberrant embryological development. It is often asymptomatic but may cause local symptoms, such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and upper airway obstruction. In this case, we report a 13-year-old girl who presented with dysphagia and breathing difficulty.