Nerium indicum, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis.

Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 11.27 mg L(-1) (80% of 96 h LC50 ) and 2.81 mg L(-1) (20% of 96 h LC50 ) of Nerium indicum leaf extract for short-term and long-term, respectively.

Blood electrolytes of the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in response to treatment with a botanical pesticide (latex of Euphorbia royleana).

The aim of the present study was to determine changes in blood electrolytes (calcium and phosphate) in the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis following short- and long-term exposure to latex of Euphorbia royleana. To investigate the effects of short-term exposure, fish were exposed to 80% of the 96-h LC(50) of E. royleana latex (2.

Alterations in blood electrolytes of a freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in response to treatment with a botanical pesticide, Nerium indicum leaf extract.

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Nerium indicum leaf extract on the blood electrolytes of Heteropneustes fossilis for short- and long term. Fish were subjected to Nerium indicum leaf extract for short term (11.27 mg/L i.

Toxicity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.

A four-day static renewal acute toxicity test was performed to determine the LC(50) value of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli latex for the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The LC(50) values, their upper and lower confidence limits and slope functions were calculated. The LC(50) values for aqueous extract of E.