Publications by authors named "Mani Kalaivani"

Article Synopsis
  • The study aims to create an age-related penile length nomogram for Indian boys aged 1-14 to assess normal development and detect abnormalities like hypospadias.
  • It involved 1276 volunteers, using generalized additive models to analyze the relationship between age and stretched penile length (SPL).
  • Results showed that SPL increases with age in a non-linear manner, with significant growth spurts at ages 2-4 and 10-14, providing a valuable reference for parents and doctors in managing pediatric penile health.*
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Background: A discrepancy between the true and measured value of stretched penile length (SPL) may be a result of errors that can either be systematic or random. Hence, it becomes important to focus on the quality of measurements to prevent any iatrogenic harm to the patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of intra- and interobserver variations in the measurement of SPL with the SPLINT technique.

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Introduction: Anaemia is a major problem which affects half of young Indian women, impacting their health, education, and offspring. Despite ongoing efforts, a comprehensive understanding of anaemia remains limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anaemia among young women in rural Haryana and explore its causes comprehensively, which would help in tailoring targeted interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level.

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Purpose: To compare the volume, fat content, and T1 relaxation time of the pancreas in participants with and without prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: In this prospective case-control study, we enrolled 29 women with prior GDM, and divided them into three groups (normoglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic) based on their glycaemic status in the postpartum period; and a group of 13 participants as controls who had normoglycemia during pregnancy. Participants underwent MR examination including an axial multi-echo DIXON-based sequence and an axial-oblique T1 mapping sequence.

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Article Synopsis
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess in-hospital mortality rates for common cardiac surgeries related to congenital heart disease (CHD) in India, revealing a pooled mortality rate of 5.63%, which is significantly higher than the 2.65% found in Western databases.
  • Over 135 studies involving 30,587 patients were analyzed, with specific mortality rates for surgeries like ventricular septal defect closure (2.87%) and tetralogy of Fallot repair (4.61%) also higher than Western standards.
  • The study concludes that there is a need for prospective multicentric data to understand the reasons for the higher mortality and calls for systemic improvements to enhance surgical outcomes for CHD in India.
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Introduction: There are limited data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors/diseases (diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) and their composite scores reflecting overall cardiovascular health among young (< 50 years old) married couples.

Methods: We have an established longitudinal prospective cohort of postpartum women with a history of hyperglycemia [pre-existing diabetes (PED; n = 101), overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP; n = 92), gestational diabetes (GDM; n = 643)], and normoglycemia (n = 183) in pregnancy and their spouses (n = 819). In this study, we report data from baseline cross-sectional evaluation of these 819 young couples regarding the burden of cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, their concordance and associations.

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Objective: Glycogen storage disorders (GSD), inherent disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, feature hypoglycemia as a hallmark. Normoglycemia and glucose monitoring are pivotal in disease management. Conventional glucometer-based monitoring may overlook hypoglycemic trends.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the effectiveness of two methods for reconstructing the ocular surface in patients suffering from severe eye damage due to Stevens Johnson Syndrome and chemical injuries, by transplanting epithelial cell constructs onto human amniotic membrane.
  • This is a prospective, randomized clinical trial involving 50 patients, comparing the outcomes of Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation (COMET) and Conjunctival Cultivated Epithelial Transplantation (CCET).
  • Results were assessed over six months, focusing on patient comfort, visual acuity, and ocular surface health to determine which technique provided better outcomes for restoring vision and eye health.
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Background: Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery is safe and feasible procedure for benign gynaecological conditions with less morbidity.

Objective: To determine the best approach in benign gynecology and establish superiority of robotic over conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy in terms of safety and effectiveness.

Methods: Search strategy: Electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL (the Registry of Controlled Clinical Studies of the Cochrane Collaboration), Google scholar, Pubmed and Scopus were searched from 2010-2022.

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Objective: There is limited information on population-specific norms of trabecular-bone-score (TBS) and its associated factors. Here, we provide norms of TBS in Asian-Indians and its relationship with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and intact-parathyroid hormone (iPTH).

Participants And Measurements: TBS, bone-mineral-density (BMD), and vertebral-fractures (VFs) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 923 healthy Asian-Indians (aged 20-60 years).

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Objective: To evaluate burden of postpartum diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors among women who test positive for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria, but negative by alternate criteria.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 and is a sub-study of the CHIP-F cohort (Cohort Study of Indian Women with Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and their Families).

Results: Study participants (n = 826; 183 with normoglycemia and 643 with GDM using IADPSG criteria) were evaluated at a median (IQR) postpartum interval of 31 (21-45) months.

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Evidence on the association of chronic illnesses with depression among adolescents in the Indian community setting is limited. A simple random sample of 583 adolescents, comprising 56.6% of boys and 43.

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Purpose: To evaluate comprehensive bone health among young Indian women, including bone mass, microarchitecture, and turnover, in relation to their non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study (May 2018-November 2019) recruited women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normoglycemia in their index pregnancy, who were at least 6 months postpartum. All participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography for determination of NAFLD status (grades 2 and 3: severe NAFLD) and transient elastography (FibroScan) for hepatic fibrosis (LSM >6 kPa).

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Context: Hypocalcemia predisposes patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (cHypoPT) to an increased risk of QTc prolongation and life-threatening arrhythmias. Information on clinical and biochemical correlates of QTc in cHypoPT is limited.

Design And Setting: Observational cohort study at tertiary-care-center.

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Background Anaemia is a serious public health problem. It is the second-commonest contributing factor to years lost by adolescents to disability and death. Targeting adolescent girls will allow a window of opportunity to correct their nutritional health and improve their obstetric outcomes.

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Background And Aims: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO) has been demonstrated to have analgesic property in various clinical settings. This study explores if addition of MgSO to ropivacaine increases its analgesic efficacy when infiltrated continuously in the postsurgical wound following total abdominal hysterectomy.

Material And Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care referral hospital in New Delhi, India.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Results showed that the most common genotype among fertile women was GG (Ser/Ser), while infertile women had an equal distribution of all genotypes, and there were no significant differences in IVF performance metrics like ovarian response and live birth rates among the different genotype groups.
  • * The study concludes that while the GG genotype may have a lower risk of poor egg yield, the overall impact of FSH-R polymorphisms on ART outcomes is
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Background: Morphine is commonly used in pediatric caudal blocks. We compared the analgesic efficacy and effect on cortisol levels of intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine with caudal morphine and bupivacaine in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods: Forty children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries were randomized to receive 4 μg/kg of intrathecal morphine and 0.

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Introduction: Guidelines recommend screening older people (> 60-65 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for cognitive impairment, as it has implications in the management of diabetes. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a sensitive test for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the general population, but its validity in T2D has not been established.

Methods: We administered MoCA to patients with T2D (age ≥ 60 years) and controls (no T2D), along with a culturally validated neuropsychological battery and functional activity questionnaire.

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Initial therapies for children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome include alternate-day prednisolone that is given daily during infections, or levamisole. In this open label, non-inferiority trial, 160 patients, 2 to 18-years-old with frequent relapses, were randomly assigned to receive either prednisolone (0.5-0.

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Background: Yoga is an emerging intervention causing improvement in physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Its role in improving outcomes in patients with amputation was investigated.

Methodology: Patients with traumatic lower limb amputation ( = 50) were enrolled and randomized to the Yoga group ( = 26) against control ( = 24).

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge for the public health system, as all the health facilities and manpower were diverted for the delivery of COVID-19-related services. This affected the provision of routine health services, including maternal healthcare services. There is a paucity of data from rural and primary healthcare settings, as the earlier studies were either modelling-based or from tertiary care centres.

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Aim: In addition to the well-known toxicities of treatment, survivors of pediatric solid tumors can also develop other health-related conditions. They may either be an indirect consequence of therapy or could be unrelated to their prior history of malignancy. We aim to evaluate the nontoxicity related health conditions in survivors of pediatric solid tumors.

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Objectives: The 70% screening coverage target proposed in the global cervical cancer elimination strategy is not achieved even at tertiary centres in India. A situational analysis was done to assess the currently existing facilities and barriers in tertiary care institutes.

Methods: This cross sectional multicentric study was conducted from August to September 2021 in six tertiary care institutes across India.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study assessed cost-effective and non-invasive methods for diagnosing ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS), aiming to replace more invasive approaches like BIPSS and peripheral CRH stimulation.
  • Using ROC analysis, the researchers identified optimal cut-off values for various tests and constructed non-invasive models that achieved 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting Cushing's disease (CD).
  • These models allowed 41% of patients with ACTH-dependent CS and no macroadenoma to bypass BIPSS, and 22% to skip peripheral CRH stimulation, enabling direct referral for pituitary surgery.
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