Generalised non-negative matrix factorisation for air pollution source apportionment.

Source Apportionment (SA) techniques are widely used for identifying key sources of air pollution, thereby providing critical inputs for policy measures. Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) (Paatero and Tapper, 1994) is a widely used SA technique. PMF uses the speciated concentration data (X) collected over several days and factorises it into source contribution (G) and source profile (F) matrices, albeit under positivity constraint.

Fournier's Gangrene Due to Salmonella Typhimurium in a Healthy Male: A Rare Aberrant Infection.

Introduction: Human Salmonella infections have been classically distinguished into diseases caused by typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS). Typhiodal salmonella includes S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi that cause the systemic disease but are restricted to human infections, while NTS consists mainly of other serovars that predominantly cause self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans.

Weight-of-evidence approach to identify regionally representative sites for air-quality monitoring network: Satellite data-based analysis.

The methodology discussed in Lekinwala et al., 2020, hereinafter referred to as the 'parent article', is used to setup a nation-wide network for background PM measurement at strategic locations, optimally placing sites to obtain maximum regionally representative PM concentrations with minimum number of sites. Traditionally, in-situ PM measurements are obtained for several potential sites and compared to identify the most regionally representative sites [4], Wongphatarakul et al.

Aerosols cause intraseasonal short-term suppression of Indian monsoon rainfall.

Aerosol abundance over South Asia during the summer monsoon season, includes dust and sea-salt, as well as, anthropogenic pollution particles. Using observations during 2000-2009, here we uncover repeated short-term rainfall suppression caused by coincident aerosols, acting through atmospheric stabilization, reduction in convection and increased moisture divergence, leading to the aggravation of monsoon break conditions. In high aerosol-low rainfall regions extending across India, both in deficient and normal monsoon years, enhancements in aerosols levels, estimated as aerosol optical depth and absorbing aerosol index, acted to suppress daily rainfall anomaly, several times in a season, with lags of a few days.

Metabolic modeling for multi-objective optimization of ethanol production in a Synechocystis mutant.

Cyanobacteria have potential to produce drop-in bio-fuels such as ethanol via photoautotrophic metabolism. Although model cyanobacterial strains have been engineered to produce such products, systematic metabolic engineering studies to identify optimal strains for the same have not been performed. In this work, we identify optimal ethanol producing mutants corresponding to appropriate gene deletions that result in a suitable redirection in the carbon flux.

Metabolic flexibility of D-ribose producer strain of Bacillus pumilus under environmental perturbations.

The metabolic reaction rate vector is a bridge that links gene and protein expression alterations to the phenotypic endpoint. We present a simple approach for the estimation of flux distribution at key branch points in the metabolic network by using substrate uptake, metabolite secretion rate, and biomass growth rate for transketolase (tkt) deficient Bacillus pumilus ATCC 21951. We find that the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and pseudo catabolic/anabolic branch points are flexible in the D: -ribose-producing tkt deficient strain of B.

Macrocephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: three new cases.

Overgrowth syndromes can be associated with asymmetry, obesity and various vascular malformations. Macrocephaly-Capillary Malformation (M-CM) is a more recently defined overgrowth syndrome characterized by cutaneous capillary malformation occurring in association with macrocephaly with tendency to progressive enlargement, abnormalities of somatic growth with body asymmetry including brain asymmetry, developmental delay, typical face with full cheeks, nevus flammeus of the nose and/or philtrum and upper lip, joint laxity, thickened subcutaneous tissue and 2/3 syndactyly of the toes. We evaluated three patients who demonstrated characteristic features of the disorder.

Multi-objective optimization of glycopeptide antibiotic production in batch and fed batch processes.

Fermentation optimization involves potentially conflicting multiple objectives such as product concentration and production media cost. Simultaneous optimization of these objectives would result in a multiobjective optimization problem, which is characterized by a set of multiple solutions, knows as pareto optimal solutions. These solutions gives flexibility in evaluating the trade-offs and selecting the most suitable operating policy.

Substrate uptake, phosphorus repression, and effect of seed culture on glycopeptide antibiotic production: process model development and experimental validation.

Actinomycetes, the soil borne bacteria which exhibit filamentous growth, are known for their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites including antibiotics. Industrial scale production of such antibiotics is typically carried out in a multi-substrate medium where the product formation may experience catabolite repression by one or more of the substrates. Availability of reliable process models is a key bottleneck in optimization of such processes.