Perceiving the outlier in the crowd: The influence of facial identity.

The accurate perception of groups with outliers can help us identify potential risks. However, it is unclear how outliers affect the perception of group emotion. To address this question, we conducted a study on group emotion perception in the context of facial identity.

Effects of interpretation bias modification on hostile attribution bias and reactive cyber-aggression in Chinese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Highly aggressive individuals tend to interpret others' motives and intentions as hostile in both offline and online social situations. The current study examined whether hostile interpretation bias can be modified to influence cyber-aggression in Chinese middle school students using an interpretation bias modification program. Gender differences and the heterogeneity of cyber-aggression were also investigated since previous studies suggest that they play important roles in determining the intervention effect.

The effects of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic schizophrenia with more than two years of community-based mental health group rehabilitation.

Background: Studies have shown that community-based group rehabilitation activities can have a positive impact on patients.

Objective: This study attempted to improve schizophrenia patients' social and self-cognition through short-term group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (G-CBT), break negative coping styles, and improve the patients' quality of life.

Methods: The patients with schizophrenia who participated in long-term community-based group rehabilitation were treated with G-CBT.

"Why I stay in community psychiatric rehabilitation": a semi-structured survey in persons with schizophrenia.

Aims: Although community psychiatric rehabilitation plays an important role in returning persons with schizophrenia to the society, many patients in China stay in rehabilitation centers for longer periods of time and subsequently fail to integrate. This study is aimed to explore the underlying causes of this trend and identify possible solutions.

Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive design to examine the persons with schizophrenia who stay in rehabilitation centers for longer periods of time.

Peer relations and different functions of cyber-aggression: A longitudinal study in Chinese adolescents.

Although previous studies have focused on the associations between peer group relations and cyber-aggression, limited attention has been paid to the heterogeneity in the functions of cyber-aggression. This study explored the unique associations of peer relations with proactive and reactive cyber-aggression and the possible mechanisms underlying them in a sample of adolescents using a longitudinal study design. A total of 829 middle school students completed the Cyber-rage and Cyber-reward Aggression Subscales of the Cyber-Aggression Typology Questionnaire, the Peer Relations Scale, the Social Information Processing-Attributional Bias Questionnaire, and the Self-efficacy for Aggression Scale twice at a 6-month interval.

Relationships among smoking abstinence self-efficacy, trait coping style and nicotine dependence of smokers in Beijing.

Introduction: Psychological, physiological and social factors play an important role in the initiation, persistence, dependence and relapse of smoking behaviors, and coping style and smoking abstinence self-efficacy can all affect nicotine dependence.

Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 568 quitters from 19 communities in Beijing in 2019 was surveyed. Demographic information and psychological characteristics of smokers were collected by an interview questionnaire, and psychological traits scales including the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (SASE) and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ).

Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms among nurses exposed to workplace violence: a person-centered approach.

Background: Cognitive strategies are preferred among nurses who have limited opportunities in the workplace to use behavioral strategies to cope with negative life events.

Aims: To explore whether different cognitive emotion regulation profiles could be distinguished in nurses exposed to workplace violence, and to investigate whether such profiles had differential associations with depressive symptoms.

Method: An online survey was conducted among nurses exposed to workplace violence ( = 399).

[Relationship between the Mandarin acceptable noise level and the personality traits in normal hearing adults].

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the Mandarin acceptable noise level (ANL) and the personality trait for normal-hearing adults.

Methods: Eighty-five Mandarin speakers, aged from 21 to 27, participated in this study. ANL materials and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) questionnaire were used to test the acceptable noise level and the personality trait for normal-hearing subjects.

Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Helicobacter hepaticus in vitro.

Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter pylori both belong to Helicobacter species. Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, including L4 and L6, have shown significant inhibitory effects on H. pylori.

[Clinical antiviral effects of Peg-IFNa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To evaluate antiviral effects of Peg-IFNa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: 92 chronic hepatitis B patients were enrolled to receive the treatment with Peg-IFNa-2a 180 μg subcutaneous injection once weekly. The patients who did not get early response were divided into 3 groups: group 1, extend the treatment to 72 weeks; group 2, combined with nucleus(s)ide analogue (entecavir or adefovir) treatment; group 3, continue the treatment until 48 weeks.

[Social health status of the HIV infected and their families and relevant influencing factors].

Objective: To investigate the social health status of the HIV infected and their families in a high HIV/AIDS prevalence village in Hunan province and to examine the relations of the social health status, responses and social support.

Methods: A total of 51 HIV infected persons (infected group), 49 family members of the infected (family member group) and 96 normal persons (control group) were surveyed by Social Health Measurement Scale-a sub-scale of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), Social Support Assessment Scale (SSAS) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ).

Results: (1) In regard to the total scores of social health, responding style and social support, significant differences were found among the infected group, the group of family members and the control group (62.

A comparative study on photo-induced electron transfer from fluorescein to anthraquinone and injection into colloidal TiO2.

A dyad-anthraquinone-methyl ester of fluorescein-and its model compound-butyl ester-were synthesized. The effects of photo-induced electron transfer from fluorescein to an organic anthraquinone acceptor and injection into inorganic colloidal TiO(2) were studied respectively. It is found that the photo-induced electron transferring to an organic acceptor is much faster than injecting into inorganic colloidal particles when fluorescein was excited by visible light.

The fluorescence properties of hypocrellin B and its amino-substituted derivative: photoinduced intramolecular proton transfer and photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer.

We report on the emission spectra and emission quantum yields of a newly synthesized hypocrellin dye, 2-demethoxy-2,3-ethylenediamino hypocrellin B (EDAHB), and its parent HB in different solvents of varying polarity. Our results demonstrate that EDAHB is one of the few dyes that exhibit highly solvent polarity-dependent fluorescence in the useful region (680-730 nm). Therefore, it offers some applications in the biomedical field as a fluorescent probe molecule.

[Ruthenium(II)(bpy)(2)L](2+), where L are imidazo[f]-1,10-phenanthrolines: synthesis, photophysics and binding with DNA.

Three Ru(II) complexes of type as [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)L](2+) were synthesized, where L are l,10-phenanthroline derivatives of imidazole (1), having at position 2 alpha-naphthyl (2), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl (3). All complexes show intense MLCT transition both in acetonitrile and in water and also exhibit strong emission at room temperature, which is efficiently quenched by oxygen as well as, to some extent, by water. The binding of complexes 1-3 to calf thymus DNA was investigated by using electronic absorption, steady-state luminescence, luminescence quenching, excited-state lifetime and circular dichroism spectra.

Hypocrellin derivative with improvements of red absorption and active oxygen species generation.

A novel diamino-substituted hypocrellin derived from hypocrellin B (HB) was synthesized by a mild method. The red absorption of the resulting product was significantly enhanced relative to the parent hypocrellins and any other hypocrellin derivatives, and the active oxygen species generating abilities were enhanced distinctly, which will remarkably improve its photodynamic therapy effectiveness.

Studies on the synthesis of two hydrophilic hypocrellin derivatives with enhanced absorption in the red spectral region and on their photogeneration of O2*- and O2(1(delta)g).

To improve hydrophilicity and photoactivity of the new type of photosensitizer, hypocrellin, two new derivatives were synthesized through a mild reaction method between hypocrellion B (HB) and ethanolamine in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and their molecular structures were characterized by IR, NMR, MS and UV-Vis spectrometry. In the molecular structures of the two derivatives, the peri-hydroxylated perylenquinone structure of the parent HB is preserved and their photoresponses at 600-900 nm (the red spectral region) are enhanced markedly (the molar absorption coefficients at 650 nm for the two new derivatives are EAHB1 log epsilon = 3.72 and EAHB2 log epsilon = 3.

Synthesis, characterization and photodynamic activity of phenmethylamino-demethoxy-hypocrellin B.

Two phenmethylamino hypocrellin B derivatives are novel photodynamic agents synthesized by a mild reaction between hypocrellin B and phenmethylamine. The red absorption of the photosensitizers is enlarged distinctly and the peri-hydroxylated perylenequinone structure of the parent HB is preserved. 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene (DPA) bleaching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping techniques were used to study the photodynamic activities of the phenmethylamino hypocrellin B derivatives in the presence of oxygen.

Synthesis and characterization of three novel amphiphilic aminated hypocrellins as photodynamic therapeutic agents.

To improve the amphiphilicities and red absorption of the hypocrellins, three novel 2-amino-2-demethoxy-hypocrellins were synthesized by the mild reactions of hypocrellin B with 4-(2-amino-ethyl)morpholine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine and 1-(2-amino-ethyl)piperazine, respectively. The structures of these derivatives were characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectra (MS). The ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra of the derivatives were measured and the new amino-substituted hypocrellins showed strong absorption in the domain of the phototherapeutic window (600-900 nm).

EPR studies of the photodynamic properties of a novel potential photodynamic therapeutic agent: photogeneration of semiquinone radical anion and active oxygen species (O2*-, OH*, H2O2 and 1O2).

Cyclohexylamino-substituted hypocrellin B (CHAHB) has been synthesized with the aim of improving the red absorption and specific affinity for malignant tumors over those of the parent compound. Irradiation of a deoxygenated DMSO solution of CHAHB generates a strong electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal, which is assigned to the semiquinone radical anion of CHAHB with the aid of a series of experimental results. In the presence of oxygen, superoxide radical anions (O2*-) are generated via electron transfer from CHAHB*-, the precursor, to ground-state molecular oxygen.

An unusual photosensitizer: dyad of eosin-tris(2,2'-bipyridine)Ru(II).

[structure: see text] A dyad of eosin and tris(2,2'-bipyridine)Ru(II) was prepared, and its photophysical properties were investigated. The photosensitization of eosin is greatly enhanced by introduction of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)Ru(II), which is verified via photooxygenation of anthracene derivatives. The electron-transfer mechanism of photosensitization is also discussed.

Nanosecond time-resolved studies of long-lived photoinduced charge separation in the dyad fluorescein-anthraquinone-methyl ester adsorbed on TiO2 colloids.

A dyad composed of fluorescein and 2-methyl-anthraquinone (FL-AQ) was synthesized and its photophysical properties were examined by absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime. The charge-separated state formed by photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer was detected by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy for the first time. When FL is excited in solution, the photoinduced electron transfer from FL to AQ proceeds efficiently.

Photoinduced interaction between fluorescein ester derivatives and CdS colloid.

The photoinduced interaction of fluorescein ester derivatives, fluorescein's butyl ester (FL4) and fluorescein's anthraquinone-methyl ester (FL-AQ), and colloidal CdS was examined by absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and photoinduced ESR spectroscopy. It is found that FL4 and FL-AQ molecules are adsorbed on the surfaces of CdS colloid by an electrostatic interaction forming the surface complex of the type CdS-FL4 or CdS-FL-AQ. The apparent association constant (K(app)) and the degree of association (alpha) of CdS-FL4 obtained from absorption spectra are 2.

First synthesis of methylated hypocrellin and its fluorescent excited state: a cautionary tale.

Methylated hypocrellins were obtained and characterized by satisfactory 1HNMR, UV-vis, IR, and mass data, and their absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were studied. A previous report of methylated hypocrellin (J. Phys.

Investigation of photobleaching of hypocrellin B in non-polar organic solvent and in liposome suspension.

Hypocrellin B (HB) is a natural pigment with a promising application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for anticancer treatment. The photobleaching of HB in non-polar organic solvents and in liposomes in aqueous solution were investigated by the measurements of absorption spectra, quenching experiments and determination of photoproducts. Control experiments indicated that the sensitizer, oxygen and light were all essential for the photobleaching of HB, which suggested that it was mainly self-sensitized photooxidation.