Diet-Wide Association Study for the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Three Population-Based Cohorts.

Background: Dietary factors are well-known modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but many studies overlook the interrelationships between these factors, even though foods are often consumed together and contain a variety of nutrients.

Objectives: In this study, we employed a diet-wide association study approach to investigate the links between various dietary factors and T2D onset, taking into account complex dietary patterns.

Methods: We analyzed 16,666 participants without T2D from three Korean population-based cohorts: the Multi-Rural Communities Cohort ( = 8302), the Atherosclerosis Risk of a Rural Area Korean General Population cohort ( = 4990), and the Kanghwa cohort ( = 3374).

Lattice dynamics and self-trapped excitons in the CsSnBrdouble perovskites.

Our study delved into the detailed investigation of CsSnBrdouble perovskites, focusing on their electrical properties, lattice dynamics, and stability. The direct bandgap for CsSnBrwas estimated to be at 2.93 eV.

Parent-Offspring Associations of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics: Findings From the 2014 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Studies have reported the strength of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in parent-offspring relationships. This study aimed to describe the sex-specific associations between CVH in parents and adult offspring.

Methods And Results: This study was conducted on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, which analyzed trios of mother-father-child, with the child's age from 20 to 39 years.

Impact of mixing insufficiencies on L-phenylalanine production with an Escherichia coli reporter strain in a novel two-compartment bioreactor.

Background: The omnipresence of population heterogeneity in industrial bioprocesses originates from prevailing dynamic bioprocess conditions, which promote differences in the expression of cellular characteristics. Despite the awareness, the concrete consequences of this phenomenon remain poorly understood.

Results: Therefore, for the first time, a L-phenylalanine overproducing Escherichia coli quadruple reporter strain was established for monitoring of general stress response, growth behavior, oxygen limitation and product formation of single cells based on mTagBFP2, mEmerald, CyOFP1, and mCardinal2 expression measured by flow cytometry.

Influence of Varying Pre-Culture Conditions on the Level of Population Heterogeneity in Batch Cultures with an Triple Reporter Strain.

When targeting robust, high-yielding bioprocesses, phenomena such as population heterogeneity have to be considered. Therefore, the influence of the conditions which the cells experience prior to the main culture should also be evaluated. Here, the influence of a pre-culture medium (complex vs.

Producing bacterial cellulose from industrial recycling paper waste sludge.

This study aimed to produce bacterial cellulose from paper waste sludge (PWS) as a method of utilizing the cellulose source from the remaining pulp in the material. Initially, PWS was hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid to create an enriched-reducing sugar hydrolysate. One-factor experiments were conducted with a fixed amount of PWS (5 g) to investigate the influence of hydrolysis conditions, including water, sulfuric acid addition, temperature, and retention time, on the production yield of reducing sugars.

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Saponins Isolated from Hance.

Species belonging to the (Asteraceae), the largest genus in the tribe Vernonieae (consisting of about 1,000 species), are widely used in food and medicine. These plants are rich sources of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones and steroid saponins, likely including many as yet undiscovered chemical components. A phytochemical investigation resulted in the separation of three new stigmastane-type steroidal saponins (1 - 3), designated as vernogratiosides A-C, from whole plants of .

Repertoire of Computationally Designed Peroxygenases for Enantiodivergent C-H Oxyfunctionalization Reactions.

The generation of enantiodivergent biocatalysts for C-H oxyfunctionalizations is ever more important in modern synthetic chemistry. Here, we have applied the FuncLib algorithm based on phylogenetic and Rosetta calculations to design a diverse repertoire of active, stable, and enantiodivergent fungal peroxygenases. 24 designs, each carrying 4-5 mutations in the catalytic core, were expressed functionally in yeast and benchmarked against characteristic model compounds.

Application of an triple reporter strain for monitoring of single-cell physiology during L-phenylalanine production.

Biotechnological production processes are sustainable approaches for the production of biobased components such as amino acids for food and feed industry. Scale-up from ideal lab-scale bioreactors to large-scale processes is often accompanied by loss in productivity. This may be related to population heterogeneities of cells originating from isogenic cultures that arise due to dynamic non-ideal conditions in the bioreactor.

Spousal concordance of ideal cardiovascular health metrics: findings from the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Backgrounds: We aimed to investigate whether a spouse's cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics status affects the other spouse's ideal CVH using a Korea nationwide representative survey.

Methods: We used the health data of 6,030 married couples who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019. The CVH was defined using seven metrics: smoking status, blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, physical activity, and diet, following the American Heart Association guidelines and modifications for body mass index cutoffs and diet quality.

Microrobot with Gyroid Surface and Gold Nanostar for High Drug Loading and Near-Infrared-Triggered Chemo-Photothermal Therapy.

The use of untethered microrobots for precise synergistic anticancer drug delivery and controlled release has attracted attention over the past decade. A high surface area of the microrobot is desirable to achieve greater therapeutic effect by increasing the drug load. Therefore, various nano- or microporous microrobot structures have been developed to load more drugs.

Advances in automated real-time flow cytometry for monitoring of bioreactor processes.

Flow cytometry and its technological possibilities have greatly advanced in the past decade as analysis tool for single cell properties and population distributions of different cell types in bioreactors. Along the way, some solutions for automated real-time flow cytometry (ART-FCM) were developed for monitoring of bioreactor processes without operator interference over extended periods with variable sampling frequency. However, there is still great potential for ART-FCM to evolve and possibly become a standard application in bioprocess monitoring and process control.

Applications of Coarse-Grained Models in Metabolic Engineering.

Mathematical modeling is a promising tool for better understanding of cellular processes. In recent years, the development of coarse-grained models has gained attraction since these simple models are able to capture and describe a broad range of growth conditions. Coarse-grained models often comprise only two cellular components, a low molecular component as representative for central metabolism and energy generation and a macromolecular component, representing the entire proteome.

Automated Bowel Polyp Detection Based on Actively Controlled Capsule Endoscopy: Feasibility Study.

This paper presents an active locomotion capsule endoscope system with 5D position sensing and real-time automated polyp detection for small-bowel and colon applications. An electromagnetic actuation system (EMA) consisting of stationary electromagnets is utilized to remotely control a magnetic capsule endoscope with multi-degree-of-freedom locomotion. For position sensing, an electronic system using a magnetic sensor array is built to track the position and orientation of the magnetic capsule during movement.

Locomotion and disaggregation control of paramagnetic nanoclusters using wireless electromagnetic fields for enhanced targeted drug delivery.

Magnetic nanorobots (MNRs) based on paramagnetic nanoparticles/nanoclusters for the targeted therapeutics of anticancer drugs have been highlighted for their efficiency potential. Controlling the locomotion of the MNRs is a key challenge for effective delivery to the target legions. Here, we present a method for controlling paramagnetic nanoclusters through enhanced tumbling and disaggregation motions with a combination of rotating field and gradient field generated by external electromagnets.

Functional Expression of Two Unusual Acidic Peroxygenases from in Yeasts by Adopting Evolved Secretion Mutations.

Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are emergent biocatalysts that perform highly selective C-H oxyfunctionalizations of organic compounds, yet their heterologous production at high levels is required for their practical use in synthetic chemistry. Here, we achieved functional expression of two new unusual acidic peroxygenases from () (UPO) in yeasts and their production at a large scale in a bioreactor. Our strategy was based on adopting secretion mutations from an Agrocybe aegerita UPO mutant, the PaDa-I variant, designed by directed evolution for functional expression in yeast, which belongs to the same phylogenetic family as UPOs, long-type UPOs, and shares 65% sequence identity.

Combination of a Green and a Traditional Method for Estimating Relative and Absolute Ink Age: A Case Study of Ballpoint Pen Ink Dating in Vietnam.

The dating of ink in questioned documents remains a significant challenge in forensic investigations in Vietnam and other countries. Many forensic examination methods have been usually applied to ensure the highest accuracy of the assessment results while maintaining high environment awareness. In this study, paper characteristics were physically tested to confirm source similarity, and the relative ink dating was established by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC).

An innovative method based on Shannon energy envelope and summit navigation for detecting R peaks of noise stress test signals.

In recent decades, there has been an increased demand for the processing of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals because of its significant role in diagnosing cardiac diseases. The QRS complex is the dominant feature of the ECG signal. The detection of QRS complexes is thus an essential part of almost any ECG signal processing systems.

Designing Two Secure Keyed Hash Functions Based on Sponge Construction and the Chaotic Neural Network.

In this paper, we propose, implement, and analyze the structures of two keyed hash functions using the Chaotic Neural Network (CNN). These structures are based on Sponge construction, and they produce two variants of hash value lengths, i.e.

Outage and throughput analysis of power-beacon assisted nonlinear energy harvesting NOMA multi-user relay system over Nakagami- fading channels.

This paper considers a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) multi-user relay system where both source and relay harvest the energy from a power beacon (PB) equipped with multiple antennas and use this harvested energy to transmit signals to several users. Realistic nonlinear energy harvesting models are applied, and time switching protocols are adopted at source and relay. We successfully derive the exact closed-form expressions of the outage probability and throughput of the system over Nakagami- fading channels.

Byproduct-free geraniol glycosylation by whole-cell biotransformation with recombinant Escherichia coli.

Objective: Geraniol, a fragrance of great importance in the consumer goods industry, can be glucosylated by the UDP-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase VvGT14a from Vitis vinifera, yielding more stable geranyl glucoside. Escherichia coli expressing VvGT14a is a convenient whole-cell biocatalyst for this biotransformation due to its intrinsic capability for UDP-glucose regeneration. The low water solubility and high cytotoxicity of geraniol can be overcome in a biphasic system where the non-aqueous phase functions as an in situ substrate reservoir.

On Outage Probability and Ergodic Rate of Downlink Multi-User Relay Systems with Combination of NOMA, SWIPT, and Beamforming.

A downlink of multi-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relay systems is considered. To improve system performance, relay nodes are used to forward signals from the base station (BS) to the end users, and they are wirelessly powered by energy harvesting from the radio frequency transmitted from the BS. Moreover, beamforming is applied at the BS based on multiple antennas and relay nodes consist of one transmit antenna but several receive ones.

A Robotic Biopsy Endoscope with Magnetic 5-DOF Locomotion and a Retractable Biopsy Punch.

Capsule endoscopes (CEs) have emerged as an advanced diagnostic technology for gastrointestinal diseases in recent decades. However, with regard to robotic motions, they require active movability and multi-functionalities for extensive, untethered, and precise clinical utilization. Herein, we present a novel wireless biopsy CE employing active five degree-of-freedom locomotion and a biopsy needle punching mechanism for the histological analysis of the intestinal tract.

A Miniaturized Capsule Endoscope Equipped a Marking Module for Intestinal Tumor Localization.

This study introduces a miniaturized capsule endoscope equipped with a marking module for intestinal tumor or lesion localization. The design concept is based on an active wireless capsule endoscope platform that is manipulated by an external electromagnetic actuation (EMA) system. The magnetic response of a permanent magnet inside the capsule is designed to have flexible movement in viscous environment of bowel.