Probiotic sepsis in preterm neonates-a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Sepsis due to the administered probiotic strain/s is a barrier against adoption of prophylactic probiotic supplementation in preterm infants to reduce the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC ≥ Stage II), all-cause mortality, late-onset sepsis, and feeding intolerance. We aimed to conduct a systematic review for reports of probiotic sepsis in preterm infants (gestation < 37 weeks). Databases including PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane Central library, and Google Scholar were searched in August 2021 and updated in Jan 2022.

Current Status of Probiotics for Preterm Infants.

Probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC ≥ stage II), late onset sepsis (LOS), and feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Considering the substantial health burden imposed by these conditions, the importance of probiotics in preterm infants cannot be overemphasized. Based on the data from experimental studies, and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, the uptake of this intervention in neonatal medicine has been increasing over the last few years.

Antenatal corticosteroids for impending late preterm (34-36+6 weeks) deliveries-A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Background: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANC) for impending preterm delivery beyond 34 weeks of gestation continues to be a controversial issue despite various guidelines for obstetricians and gynaecologists.

Objective: To compare outcomes following exposure to ANC for infants born between 34-36+6 weeks' gestation.

Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) reporting neonatal outcomes after ANC exposure between 34-36+6 weeks' gestation using Cochrane methodology.

Prophylactic Probiotic Supplementation for Preterm Neonates-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nonrandomized Studies.

Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show that probiotics reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC ≥ Stage II), late onset sepsis (LOS), all-cause mortality, and feeding intolerance in preterm neonates. Data from observational studies is important to confirm probiotic effects in clinical practice. We aimed to compare outcomes before and after implementing routine probiotic supplementation (RPS) in preterm neonates (<37 weeks of gestation) by performing a systematic review of non-RCTs using Cochrane methodology.

Sepsis calculator for neonatal early onset sepsis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Over investigation and overuse of empirical antibiotics is a concern in management of neonatal early onset sepsis (EOS) using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. "Sepsis calculator" is a risk-based prediction model for managing neonates at risk of EOS.

Objective: To compare outcomes of neonatal EOS using of sepsis calculator versus conventional approach.

Probiotics for cow's milk protein allergy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the commonest food allergy in infancy and is associated with significant health burden. Given their immune modulatory properties, probiotics have been proposed as a strategy for management of CMPA. We aimed to systematically review efficacy and safety of probiotics in the management of CMPA.

Wastage of standardised parenteral nutrition solution - a challenge for neonatal units.

Standardised parental nutrition (PN) has been used in many neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Easy accessibility, better provision of nutrients, reduced prescription errors and cost savings are some of its benefits. Fixed large volume (e.

Antenatal corticosteroids in impending preterm deliveries before 25 weeks' gestation.

Antenatal corticosteroid (ANC) use before 25 weeks' gestation is controversial. Our previous systematic review (eight observational studies, n=10 109) showed that ANC exposure was associated with significantly reduced mortality and severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)/periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in neonates born <25 weeks. We update our review by adding data (n=3334) from a recent study.

Probiotics for the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy is associated with significant socioeconomic burden including hospital readmission, prolonged hospital stay, and separation of the baby from mother.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics in reducing the need for phototherapy and its duration in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotic supplementation for prevention or treatment of jaundice in neonates (any gestation or weight) using the Cochrane methodology.

Antenatal corticosteroids for neonates born before 25 Weeks-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids before 25 weeks of gestation is unclear.

Objective: To assess and compare neonatal outcomes following ANC exposure at 22, 23 and 24 weeks of gestation by conducting systematic review and meta- analysis.

Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) and non-RCTs reporting on neonatal outcomes after exposure to ANC up to 246 weeks of gestation using the Cochrane systematic review methodology.

Strategies for managing transient tachypnoea of the newborn - a systematic review.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of strategies for the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN).

Methods: The Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA guidelines were used for conducting and reporting this systematic review, respectively. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched in February 2016.

Strategies for Medical Management of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Objective: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is associated with significant morbidity in children. Strategies for optimizing its outcomes are hence essential. We aimed to review the strategies for medical management of EoE in children.

Meconium Evacuation for Facilitating Feed Tolerance in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: A delayed passage of meconium is considered as a risk factor for feed intolerance in preterm neonates.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the effects of different therapeutic agents for meconium evacuation on feed tolerance in preterm neonates.

Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of different therapeutic agents for meconium evacuation in preterm neonates (gestation <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1,500 g) using the Cochrane systematic review methodology was undertaken.

Effect of gastric lavage on feeding in neonates born through meconium-stained liquor: a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gastric lavage (GL) in neonates born through meconium-stained liquor (MSL).

Design: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials by searching databases MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from1980), CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar and proceedings of Pediatric Academic Society meetings (2002-2014).

Setting: Delivery room/Neonatal ward.

Nebulized pentoxifylline for reducing the duration of oxygen supplementation in extremely preterm neonates.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized pentoxifylline for reducing the duration of oxygen supplementation in extremely preterm neonates at high risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: Single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Infants of 23(0) to 27(6) weeks' gestational age requiring mechanical ventilation or ≥30% supplemental oxygen on continuous positive airway pressure at 72-168 hours were randomized to receive 20 mg/kg (1 mL/kg) nebulized pentoxifylline or an equal volume of normal saline placebo every 6 hours for 10 consecutive days via a vibrating mesh nebulizer.

Fish Oil (SMOFlipid) and olive oil lipid (Clinoleic) in very preterm neonates.

Objectives: Fat emulsions used in Australia for parenteral nutrition in preterm neonates have been based on either soybean oil or olive oil (OO). OO lipid Clinoleic has a high ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (9:1); this may not be ideal for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supply. Newly available SMOFlipid has an appropriate ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (2.