A systematic analysis of disability inclusion in domestic climate policies.

We provide the first systematic analysis of whether, how, and to what extent people with disabilities and their human rights are included in two subsets of climate policies adopted by 195 parties to the Paris Agreement. We found that only 41 parties mention people with disabilities in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), whereas only 75 do so in their adaptation policies. Moreover, these references are rarely accompanied by concrete measures to include people with disabilities, their rights, or their knowledge in climate decision-making.

-Oxide-to-Carbon Transmutations of Azaarene -Oxides.

Reactions that change the identity of an atom within a ring system are emerging as valuable tools for the site-selective editing of molecular structures. Herein, we describe the expansion of an underdeveloped transformation that directly converts azaarene-derived -oxides to all-carbon arenes. This ring transmutation exhibits good functional group tolerance and replaces the -oxide moiety with either unsubstituted, substituted, or isotopically labeled carbon atoms in a single laboratory operation.

Adding health to years: A review of the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) in India.

The global share of elderly persons (60 years and above) is expected to rise from 13.4% in 2020 to 21.3% by 2050.

A Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathways: A Move for Standardization.

Background: Enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) are a multimodal approach to standardize perioperative care. To substantiate the benefit of a pediatric-centered pathway, we compared outcomes of children treated with pediatric ERP (pERP) versus adult (aERP) pathways. We aimed to compare components of each pathway to create a new comprehensive pERP to reduce variation in care.

Analysis of a Modified Two-Stage Approach to Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Without Fecal Diversion in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Fecal diversion after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) remains controversial. We hypothesize that a modified two-stage IPAA omitting diverting ileostomy (DI) after IPAA, found to be safe in adults, would produce similar results in children.

Methods: Retrospective, single-institution study of children (≤18 years) undergoing staged total proctocolectomy with IPAA from 2014 to 2020.

Assessment of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs among Subjects with Dental Aesthetic Index: A Clinical Study.

Background: Malocclusion is commonly seen condition in young adults. This study aimed to assess malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among subjects with dental aesthetic index (DAI).

Materials And Methods: This study comprised 486 subjects with an age range of 16-24 years of either genders.

An enhanced recovery after surgery pathway in pediatric colorectal surgery improves patient outcomes.

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways in adult colorectal surgery are known to reduce complications, readmissions, and length of stay (LOS). However, there is a paucity of ERAS data for pediatric colorectal surgery.

Methods: A 2014-2018 single-institution, retrospective cohort study was performed on pediatric colorectal surgery patients (2-18 years) pre- and post-ERAS pathway implementation.

Omental Flap Provides Definitive Management for Pediatric Patient With Multiple Tracheoesophageal Fistula Recurrences.

A term female infant with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) underwent primary operative repair that failed with 3 TEF recurrences, which all presented with feeding and respiratory issues. Recurrences were managed with reoperation and an interpositional flap of pleura and a flap of intercostal muscle on 2 separate occasions. The third recurrence was managed with complete dissection of the esophagus prior to the division of the fistula and the interposition of an omental flap between the esophageal and tracheal repair.

The impact of an enhanced recovery perioperative pathway for pediatric pectus deformity repair.

Purpose: Pediatric repair of chest wall deformities is associated with significant pain, morbidity, and resource utilization. We sought to determine outcomes of a perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing minimally invasive (Nuss) and traditional (Ravitch) corrective procedures.

Methods: Our ERAS protocol was implemented in 2015.

Elasticity of individual protocadherin 15 molecules implicates tip links as the gating springs for hearing.

Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the inner ear, respond to mechanical forces originating from sounds and accelerations. An essential feature of each hair cell is an array of filamentous tip links, consisting of the proteins protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) and cadherin 23 (CDH23), whose tension is thought to directly gate the cell's transduction channels. These links are considered far too stiff to represent the gating springs that convert hair bundle displacement into forces capable of opening the channels, and no mechanism has been suggested through which tip-link stiffness could be varied to accommodate hair cells of distinct frequency sensitivity in different receptor organs and animals.

Prophylactic absorbable gelatin sponge embolization for angiographically occult splenic hemorrhage.

Nonoperative management of traumatic splenic hemorrhage includes the targeted administration of embolic agents. In certain instances where computed tomography angiography cannot exclude a bleed, prophylactic embolization with absorbable gelatin sponge has been used. In this retrospective case series review, we characterized the demographic data and clinical outcomes associated with 4 patients who underwent prophylactic transarterial splenic artery embolization after blunt abdominal trauma.

Pathways of airway oxidant formation by house dust mite allergens and viral RNA converge through myosin motors, pannexons and Toll-like receptor 4.

Introduction: Intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) are generated in human airway epithelial cells by the prothrombinase action of Group 1 house dust mite (HDM) allergens and by ligation of viral RNA sensor Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We explored signaling convergence between HDM allergens and TLRs in ROS generation because epithelial cells form the primary barrier against inhaled substances and dictate host responses to allergens and viruses.

Methods: ROS formation by Calu-3 human airway cells was studied by measuring dihydrorhodamine 123 oxidation after activation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (to activate TLR3), CL097 (to activate TLR7), a natural mixture of HDM allergens, or BzATP.

The Accuracy of Colorectal Cancer Detection by Computed Tomography in the Unprepared Large Bowel in a Community-Based Hospital.

Purpose: This retrospective study examined the performance of general radiologists in a community-based hospital in detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) with computed tomography (CT) in the unprepared large bowel.

Methods: The pathology database at a community hospital over the past 7 years (2009-2015) was retrospectively analysed for pathologically proven CRC (924 cases). The provincial hospital information profile for these patients was reviewed to determine if they had an abdominal CT for any reason in the year prior to biopsy.

Formulation of novel chitosan guargum based hydrogels for sustained drug release of paracetamol.

The report presents the formulation of hydrogel based on biopolymers chitosan and guar gum after cross-linking for sustained release of a commonly used orally prescribed analgesic Paracetamol. The oral ingestion of Paracetamol is associated with complications of the gastric tract and liver metabolism that can be effectually avoided by using transdermal drug delivery systems. The formulated transdermal patch was characterized for physicochemical properties including swelling, bonding pattern (using FTIR Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM) and antimicrobial activity.

Functional Outcomes for Nonoperatively Treated Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures.

Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal are relatively common and can be treated with a variety of treatment modalities. The goals of the current study were to answer the following questions: (1) Is there a difference in functional outcomes with different nonoperative treatment modalities for avulsion and Jones fractures? (2) What is the long-term functional impairment? This study included 53 patients who were treated for proximal fifth metatarsal fracture at 1 university health care system between 2004 and 2013. Treatment methods included shoe modification, cast, and boot.

Pentraxin-3 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Canine Retraction with Nickel-Titanium Coil Spring and Active Tieback.

Aim: Orthodontic treatment is routinely carried out in patients with the purpose of correcting various forms of dental malocclusions. Retraction of the canines can be achieved either individually or along with incisor. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is regarded as the true independent indicator of disease activity.

Correlation of Orthodontic Treatment by Fixed or Myofunctional Appliances and Periodontitis: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Malocclusion plays an important role in the development of periodontitis. Thus, by treating malocclusion, a good gingival health can be achieved. This study was conducted to establish the correlation between orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis.

Evaluation of Outcome of Orthodontic Treatment in Context to Posttreatment Stability: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: One of the main aims of orthodontic treatment is the improvement of esthetics along with enhancement of functions of the orofacial regions. Complications are observed even after final completion of the orthodontic treatment due to relapse and loss of stability. Hence, we retrospectively analyzed angle class I malocclusion cases to study the correlation of outcome of orthodontic treatment and posttreatment stability.