User-defined virtual sensors: A new solution to the problem of temporal plus epilepsy sources.

Objective: The most common medically resistant epilepsy (MRE) involves the temporal lobe (TLE), and children designated as temporal plus epilepsy (TLE+) have a five-times increased risk of postoperative surgical failure. This retrospective, blinded, cross-sectional study aimed to correlate visual and computational analyses of magnetoencephalography (MEG) virtual sensor waveforms with surgical outcome and epilepsy classification (TLE and TLE+).

Methods: Patients with MRE who underwent MEG and iEEG monitoring and had at least 1 year of postsurgical follow-up were included in this retrospective analysis.

A novel minimally invasive neurosurgical cranial fixation device for improved accuracy of intraventricular catheter placement: an experimental animal study.

Background: External ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. Herein, we introduce a new concept of a cranial fixation device for insertion of EVDs, that reduces reliance on freehand placement and drilling techniques and provides a simple, minimally invasive approach that provides strong fixation to minimal thickness skulls.

Methods: An experimental device for catheter insertion and fixation was designed and tested in both ex-vivo and in-vivo conditions to assess accurate cannulation of the ventricle and to test the strength of fixation to the skull.

Effects of the intraoral scanner and implant library on the trueness of digital impressions in the full-arch implant scan: A comparative in vitro study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intraoral scanners (IOSs) and implant libraries (ILs) on the trueness of digital impressions for the fabrication of implant-supported full-arch (FA) prostheses.

Methods: A stone cast of an edentulous maxilla with 6 implant analogues and cylindrical scanbodies (IPD ProCam®, Matarò, Barcelona, Spain) was probed using a coordinate measuring machine to capture a reference model (RM). The cast was mounted on a mannequin and scanned with 3 different IOSs (iTERO Element 5D Plus®, Align Technologies, San José, CA, USA; IS 3800®, Dexis, Quackertown, PN, USA; and i-700®, Medit, Seoul, South Korea).

Dimensional changes of the gingival tissues induced by clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival tissue adaption induced by orthodontic tooth movement, in terms of clinical crown height (i.e., attachment loss), and thickness of the keratinized gingiva at the margin level.

Implant placement using mixed reality-based dynamic navigation: A proof of concept.

Objectives: To present the first clinical application of a novel mixed reality-based dynamic navigation (MR-DN) system in the rehabilitation of a single tooth gap.

Methods: The protocol consisted of the following: (1) three-dimensional patient data acquisition using intraoral scanning (IOS) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), (2) implant planning using guided surgery software, (3) holography-guided implant placement using the novel MR-DN system (ANNA®, MARS Dental, Haifa, Israel) and (4) placement accuracy verification.

Results: The novel MR-DN system was safe and time-efficient, as the surgery took 30 min from anaesthesia to suturing.

Infection rates during eras of intrathecal antibiotic use followed by antibiotic-impregnated catheter use in prevention of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection.

Objective: The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) implemented a perioperative infection prevention bundle for all CSF shunt surgeries in 2007 that included the relatively unproven technique of intrathecal instillation of the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin into the shunt. In the meantime, the field debated the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheter (AIC) shunt tubing using clindamycin and rifampin, an increasingly widespread, but expensive and controversial, technique. It is unknown whether there were changes in infecting organisms associated with the use of these techniques during CSF shunt surgery at the hospital level.

Artificial intelligence and mixed reality for dental implant planning: A technical note.

Aim: The aim of this work is to present a new protocol for implant surgical planning which involves the combined use of artificial intelligence (AI) and mixed reality (MR).

Methods: This protocol involves the acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) patient data through intraoral scanning (IOS) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). These data are loaded into AI software which automatically segments and aligns the patient's 3D models.

Novel AI-based automated virtual implant placement: Artificial versus human intelligence.

Objectives: To assess quality, clinical acceptance, time-efficiency, and consistency of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated presurgical implant planning for single tooth replacement, compared to a human intelligence (HI)-based approach.

Materials And Methods: To validate a novel AI-driven implant placement tool, a dataset of 10 time-matching cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and intra-oral scans (IOS) previously acquired for single mandibular molar/premolar implant placement was included. An AI pre-trained model for implant planning was compared to human expert-based planning, followed by the export, evaluation and comparison of two generic implants-AI-generated and human-generated-for each case.

White matter characteristics in children with cerebral palsy prior to selective dorsal rhizotomy: a multicenter diffusion tensor imaging study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to 1) assess and quantify white matter (WM) microstructural characteristics derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) prior to selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), and 2) investigate potential associations between WM diffusion properties and gross motor function and spasticity in children with spastic CP who underwent SDR.

Methods: This study is a multisite study based on DT images acquired prior to SDR as well as postoperative outcome data. DTI data collected from two sites were harmonized using the ComBat approach to minimize intersite scanner difference.

3D-printed short-span hybrid composite implant-supported restorations fabricated through tilting stereolithography: A retrospective clinical study on 85 patients with 1 year of follow-up.

Purpose: To report the clinical results obtained with fixed short-span (single crowns [SCs] and fixed partial prostheses [FPPs]) implant-supported hybrid composite restorations fabricated through tilting stereolithography (TSLA).

Methods: This retrospective clinical study included 85 patients who had been restored with 95 fixed short-span implant-supported hybrid composite (Irix Max®, DWS Systems) restorations (70 SCs and 25 FPPs up to three units) fabricated with TSLA. The full-digital model-free workflow was based on intraoral implant scanning, computer-assisted design (CAD) and 3D printing using TSLA (Dfab®, DWS Systems).

Antibiotic impregnated catheters and intrathecal antibiotics for CSF shunt infection prevention in children undergoing low-risk CSF shunt surgery.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts allow children with hydrocephalus to survive and avoid brain injury (J Neurosurg 107:345-57, 2007; Childs Nerv Syst 12:192-9, 1996). The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network implemented non-randomized quality improvement protocols that were shown to decrease infection rates compared to pre-operative prophylactic intravenous antibiotics alone (standard care): initially with intrathecal (IT) antibiotics between 2007-2009 (J Neurosurg Pediatr 8:22-9, 2011), followed by antibiotic impregnated catheters (AIC) in 2012-2013 (J Neurosurg Pediatr 17:391-6, 2016). No large scale studies have compared infection prevention between the techniques in children.

Accuracy of implant placement using a mixed reality-based dynamic navigation system versus static computer-assisted and freehand surgery: An in Vitro study.

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to compare the accuracy of dental implant placement in partially edentulous maxillary models using a mixed reality-based dynamic navigation (MR-DN) system to conventional static computer-assisted implant surgery (s-CAIS) and a freehand (FH) method.

Methods: Forty-five partially edentulous models (with teeth missing in positions #15, #16 and #25) were assigned to three groups (15 per group). The same experienced operator performed the model surgeries using an MR-DN system (group 1), s-CAIS (group 2) and FH (group 3).

Emotional facial expression and perioral motor functions of the human auditory cortex.

Objective: We investigated the role of transverse temporal gyrus and adjacent cortex (TTG+) in facial expressions and perioral movements.

Methods: In 31 patients undergoing stereo-electroencephalography monitoring, we describe behavioral responses elicited by electrical stimulation within the TTG+. Task-induced high-gamma modulation (HGM), auditory evoked responses, and resting-state connectivity were used to investigate the cortical sites having different types of responses on electrical stimulation.

MRI and pathology comparisons in Rasmussen's encephalitis: a multi-institutional examination of hemispherotomy outcomes relative to imaging and histological severity.

Purpose: Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a very rare chronic neurological disorder of unilateral inflammation of the cerebral cortex. Hemispherotomy provides the best chance at achieving seizure freedom in RE patients, but with significant risks and variable long-term outcomes. The goal of this study is to utilize our multicenter pediatric cohort to characterize if differences in pathology and/or imaging characterization of RE may provide a window into post-operative seizure outcomes, which in turn could guide decision-making for parents and healthcare providers.

Early Identification of Candidates for Epilepsy Surgery: A Multicenter, Machine Learning, Prospective Validation Study.

Background And Objectives: Epilepsy surgery is often delayed. We previously developed machine learning (ML) models to identify candidates for resective epilepsy surgery earlier in the disease course. In this study, we report the prospective validation.

Utilization trends in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection prevention techniques in the United States from 2007 to 2015.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe trends in the utilization of infection prevention techniques (standard care, intrathecal [IT] antibiotics, antibiotic-impregnated catheters [AICs], and combination of IT antibiotics and AICs) among participating hospitals over time.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study at six large children's hospitals between 2007 and 2015 included children ≤ 18 years of age who underwent initial shunt placement between 2007 and 2012. Pediatric Health Information System + (PHIS+) data were augmented with chart review data for all shunt surgeries that occurred prior to the first shunt infection.

Trueness, precision, time-efficiency and cost analysis of chairside additive and subtractive versus lab-based workflows for manufacturing single crowns: An in vitro study.

Purpose: To evaluate the trueness, precision, time efficiency, and cost of three different workflows for manufacturing single crowns (SCs).

Methods: A plaster model with a prepared tooth (#15) was scanned with an industrial scanner, and an SC was designed in computer-assisted-design (CAD) software. Ten SCs were printed with a hybrid composite (additive chairside) and a stereolithographic (SLA) printer (Dfab®), 10 SCs were milled in lithium disilicate (subtractive chairside) using a chairside milling unit (inLab MC XL®), and 10 SCs were milled in zirconia (lab-based) using a five-axis laboratory machine (DWX-52D®).

Application of the virtual-fit method for fixed complete denture cases designed on intraoral scans: Effect of cement spacing.

Objectives: To validate the virtual-fit alignment, analyze the impact of cement spacing on internal/marginal gaps, and correlate results with conventional trueness measures.

Methods: Four dental abutment models were scanned using an industrial reference scanner (one time each), Emerald S (three times each), and Medit i700 (three times each) intraoral scanners (IOS). On each IOS scan (n = 24), three complete-arch fixed frameworks were designed with 70 or 140 µm cement space with no marginal space (groups 70 and 140) and 70 µm with an additional 20 µm space, including the margin (group 70+20).

Utility of the material community deprivation index as a metric to identify at-risk children for severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with lasting effects including neurological deficits and psychological comorbidities. Recent studies have shown that social determinants of health are key factors that impact clinical outcomes in other pediatric traumatic injuries, suggesting that these health disparities may have a significant impact on patients sustaining TBI as well. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review a cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with TBI and elucidate the relationships among socioeconomic deprivation, patient-specific demographics, and morbidity and mortality.

Performance and meat quality in pigs fed hydrolysable tannins from Tara spinosa.

This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary tara (Tara spinosa (Feuillée ex Molina) Britton & Rose) hydrolysable tannins on performance and meat quality of finishing pigs. Twenty barrows (crossbred PIC × Piétrain; age: 125 ± 5 d; bodyweight: 60.8 ± 3.