Dual-Path Large Kernel Learning and Its Applications in Single-Image Super-Resolution.

To enhance the performance of super-resolution models, neural networks frequently employ module stacking. However, this approach inevitably results in an excessive proliferation of parameter counts and information redundancy, ultimately constraining the deployment of these models on mobile devices. To surmount this limitation, this study introduces the application of Dual-path Large Kernel Learning (DLKL) to the task of image super-resolution.

Single Image Super-Resolution via Wide-Activation Feature Distillation Network.

Feature extraction plays a pivotal role in the context of single image super-resolution. Nonetheless, relying on a single feature extraction method often undermines the full potential of feature representation, hampering the model's overall performance. To tackle this issue, this study introduces the wide-activation feature distillation network (WFDN), which realizes single image super-resolution through dual-path learning.

mTOR signaling in hair follicle and hair diseases: recent progress.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a major regulator of cell proliferation and metabolism, playing significant roles in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and illness. More and more evidences showed that the mTOR signaling pathway affects hair follicle circulation and maintains the stability of hair follicle stem cells. mTOR signaling may be a critical cog in Vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficiency-mediated hair follicle damage and degeneration and related alopecia disorders.

Polystyrenenanoplastics lead to ferroptosis in the lungs.

Introduction: It has been shown that polystyrenenanoplastic (PS-NP) exposure induces toxicity in the lungs.

Objectives: This study aims to provide foundational evidence to corroborate that ferroptosis and abnormal HIF-1α activity are the main factors contributing to pulmonary dysfunction induced by PS-NP exposure.

Methods: Fifty male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to distilled water or 100 nm or 200 nm PS-NPs via intratracheal instillation for 7 consecutive days.

Effects of Natural Polyphenols on Skin and Hair Health: A Review.

The skin is the largest organ of the body and plays multiple essential roles, ranging from regulating temperature, preventing infections, to ultimately affecting human health. A hair follicle is a complex cutaneous appendage. Skin diseases and hair loss have a significant effect on the quality of life and psychosocial adjustment of individuals.

Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and thyroid function in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Thyroid hormone homeostasis is essential for normal brain development in fetuses and infants. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during pregnancy is associated with compromised maternal thyroid homeostasis, and thus may lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborns. However, evidence regarding the association of prenatal EDC exposure and thyroid hormones in newborns is controversial.

[Comparison of ED of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation in children with acyanotic congenital heart disease before and after cardiac surgery].

Objective: To compare the median effective dose (ED) of intranasal dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation in uncooperative pediatric patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease before and after cardiac surgery.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 47 children (22 in preoperative group and 25 in postoperative group) who needed sedation for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). A modified up-and-down sequential study design was employed to determine dexmedetomidine dose for each patient with a starting dose of 2 μg/kg in both groups; dexmedetomidine doses for subsequent subjects were determined according to the responses from the previous subject using the up-and-down method at a 0.

The gut-microbiota-testis axis mediated by the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway is related to prepuberal steroidogenesis disorders induced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer, which is known to be an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that can jeopardize the male reproductive system. Prepuberal exposure to DEHP leads to steroidogenesis disorders. However, the specific mechanism remains ambiguous.

The effects of repeated propofol anesthesia on spatial memory and long-term potentiation in infant rats under hypoxic conditions.

Propofol is widely used as an intravenous drug for induction and maintenance in general anesthesia. Hypoxemia is a common complication during perianesthesia. We want to know the effect of propofol on spatial memory and LTP (Long-term potentiation) under hypoxic conditions.

A Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Combination Sedation for Transthoracic Echocardiography in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) and DEX-ketamine (KET) on hemodynamics and sedation quality in children with congenital heart disease.

Design: A randomized controlled, double-blind, prospective trial.

Setting: A tertiary care teaching hospital.

The 95% effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for pulmonary function testing in children aged 1-3 years: A biased coin design up-and-down sequential method.

Study Objective: Intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) can provide adequate sedation during short examinations in children. However, we found no data regarding the 95% effective dose (ED) of intranasal DEX for children's pulmonary function testing (PFT).

Design: Prospective study and a biased coin design up-and-down sequential method.

Fifty Percent Effective Dose of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Sedation for Transthoracic Echocardiography in Children With Cyanotic and Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease.

Objectives: To determine the 50% and 95% effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease.

Design: A prospective, nonrandomized study.

Setting: A tertiary care teaching hospital.

Automobile exhaust-derived PM induces blood-testis barrier damage through ROS-MAPK-Nrf2 pathway in sertoli cells of rats.

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM) derived from automobile exhaust can lead to serious male spermatogenesis dysfunction, but its specific molecular mechanism is unclear. In this experiment, we focused on the blood-testis barriers (BTB) and explored the intracellular mechanisms underlying the fertility toxicity of PM originating from automobile exhaust in the primary cultured Sertoli cells(SCs) of rats.

Determination of the 90% effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation during electroencephalography in children.

Background: The intranasal route of dexmedetomidine (DEX) administration is becoming increasingly popular for providing adequate sedation during short examinations in infants and children. However, data on the 90% effective dose (ED90) of intranasal DEX are rare in children under 3 years old.

Methods: This is a double-blind trial using a biased coin design up-and-down sequential method (BCD-UDM).

[Propofol combined with hypoxia induces cognitive dysfunction in immature rats p38 pathway].

Objective: To investigate the effects of propofol combined with hypoxia on cognitive function of immature rats and the possible role of p38 pathway and tau protein in mediating such effects.

Methods: Ninety 7-day-old (P7) SD rats were randomized for daily intraperitoneal injection of propofol (50 mg/kg) or lipid emulsion (5.0 mL/kg) for 7 consecutive days.

Analysis of 17 948 pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation with a combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine.

Background: Intranasal procedural sedation using dexmedetomidine is well described in the literature. The combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine is a novel approach for which there are little data on the rate of successful sedation or adverse events.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of successful sedation and adverse events of intranasal procedural sedation using a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for diagnostic examination in children.

Vitamin E and vitamin C attenuate Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced blood-testis barrier disruption by p38 MAPK in immature SD rats.

As an environmental endocrine disruptor, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affects blood-testis barrier (BTB)-associated proteins expression, which compromises BTB integrity and causes infertility. Notably, DEHP-induced testicular toxicity is related to oxidative stress, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate this mechanism and determine whether vitamin C and vitamin E administration would attenuate the BTB impairment induced by DEHP in vivo and by Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) in vitro, respectively.

[Effect of Di-(2-ethylhcxyl) phthalate exposure on blood-testis barrier integrity in rats].

Objective: To investigate mechanism of di-(2-ethylhcxyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure in causing blood-testis barrier (BTB) impairment in rats.

Methods: Two-months-old male SD rats were randomly divided into corn oil control group and DEHP (750 mg/kg) exposure group for daily intragastic treatment for 30 consecutive days. After the treatments the rats were examined for histomorphological changes of the testicle using HE staining and the expressions of the junction proteins N-cadherin β-catenin, occludin and connexin43 of the BTB using Western blot.

Median effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in pediatric patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease: An up-and-down sequential allocation trial.

Background: Intranasal dexmedetomidine can provide adequate sedation during short procedures. However, previous literature investigating the single-dose use of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation during transthoracic echocardiography in younger children is scarce, and the effects of age on sedation with intranasal dexmedetomidine remain controversial.

Objective: This study was to determine the 50% effective dose and estimate the 95% effective dose of single-dose intranasal dexmedetomidine to induce sedation in pediatric patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease, and also determine the effect of age on the dose required for sedation.

Median effective dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for transthoracic echocardiography examination in postcardiac surgery and normal children: An up-and-down sequential allocation trial.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been used for sedation in young infants and children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The median effective dose of intranasal DEX has not been described for postcardiac surgery children. Postcardiac surgery children could require more DEX to achieve satisfactory sedation for TTE examination than children suspected of congenital heart disease.

[Effect of propofol on apoptosis of PC12 cells under hypoxic condition and the mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which propofol exposure causes PC12 cell apoptosis under hypoxic conditions.

Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to room air, 35% oxygen, or 5% oxygen (hypoxia) for 24 h in the presence of either 10 µmol/L lipid emulsion or 10 µmol/L propofol. After the treatments, the cell apoptosis was measured by flow ceytometry, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated.

Urban fine particulate matter exposure causes male reproductive injury through destroying blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity.

Blood-testis barrier (BTB) provides a suitable microenvironment for germ cells that is required for spermatogenesis. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is recognized to occasion male reproductive impairment, but the mechanism of which remains unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish animal models with PM exposure concentration of 0, 10, and 20mg/kg.