A rare case of cancer-to-cancer metastasis: breast cancer to renal cell cancer : Case report and review of literature.

Background: Cancer-to-cancer metastasis is very rare with less than 50 cases described in literature. This article reports a case of breast cancer with synchronous metastasis to clear cell renal cell cancer.

Case Description: A 79-year-old woman was diagnosed with a bilateral breast carcinoma.

Graft Growth and Podocyte Dedifferentiation in Donor-Recipient Size Mismatch Kidney Transplants.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the treatment choice for patients with end-stage renal diseases. Because of good long-term outcome, pediatric kidney grafts are also accepted for transplantation in adult recipients despite a significant mismatch in body size and age between donor and recipient. These grafts show a remarkable ability of adaptation to the recipient body and increase in size in a very short period, presumably as an adaptation to hyperfiltration.

Huge Congenital Segmental Dilatation of the Sigmoid Colon in a Neonate: A "Rarity to Meet" and a "Challenge to Treat".

Only ten cases of neonatal congenital segmental dilatation (CSD) of the colon have been described so far. We present a full-term female newborn with trisomy 21, ventricular septal defect, and gross abdominal distension. Plain abdominal radiographs revealed a huge cystic lesion occupying the left hemiabdomen.

Respiratory chain complex I is a mitochondrial tumor suppressor of oncocytic tumors.

Oncocytic tumors, also called oxyphilic tumors, are characterized by hyperproliferation of mitochondria, which histologically presents as a fine granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. In accordance with the high mitochondrial density in oncocytomas, transcript levels of subunits of complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system are increased. Hence, for a long time oncocytomas were presumed to have a highly active aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Alterations of respiratory chain complexes in sporadic pheochromocytoma.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) has been associated with carcinogenesis in hereditary pheochromocytoma (PC) and paraganglioma. We investigated if a similar association applies to sporadic pheochromocytoma. No genetic alteration was found in the SDHB, SDHC or SDHD genes of sporadic PC.

Heterogeneity of mitochondrial energy metabolism in classical triphasic Wilms' tumor.

Metabolic changes are observed in a variety of tumors. The nature of the changes in aerobic energy metabolism differs between tumor types. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining, enzymatic measurements and immunoblot analysis were used to determine alterations of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in classic triphasic Wilms' Tumor (WT).

Diagnostic yield of touch imprint cytology of prostate core needle biopsies.

Touch imprint cytology may provide additional information to core needle biopsy interpretation according to previous reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic yield of this method in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. For this purpose, 452 transrectal prostate needle biopsies were evaluated from 56 patients.

Loss of complex I due to mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal oncocytoma.

Purpose: Many solid tumors exhibit abnormal aerobic metabolism characterized by increased glycolytic capacity and decreased cellular respiration. Recently, mutations in the nuclear encoded mitochondrial enzymes fumarate hydratase and succinate dehydrogenase have been identified in certain tumor types, thus demonstrating a direct link between mitochondrial energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. Although mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) also can affect aerobic metabolism and mtDNA alterations are frequently observed in tumor cells, evidence linking respiratory chain deficiency in a specific tumor type to a specific mtDNA mutation has been lacking.

Gangliocytes in neuroblastic tumors express alarin, a novel peptide derived by differential splicing of the galanin-like peptide gene.

In neuroblastic tumors a relationship of differentiation of the tumor to galanin receptor expression and antiproliferative and apoptotic effects upon activation of galanin receptors in neuroblastoma cells was reported. To elucidate the expression of other components of the galanin peptide family in neuroblastic tumors, RT-PCR analysis of a variety of human neuroblastic tumor tissues was performed. Ganglioneuroma tissues revealed the presence of a splice variant of the galanin-like peptide (GALP) mRNA, which results in exclusion of exon 3 and a frame shift after the signal peptide sequence of GALP.

Cervicomediastinal thymic cyst: report of a case.

Congenital thymic cysts are rare. Consequently, they are often misdiagnosed and not included in the preoperative differential diagnosis of neck masses. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy with a large cervicomediastinal thymic cyst to increase the awareness of this unusual entity.

Galanin and galanin receptors in human cancers.

The increasing interest in peptides and peptide receptors in cancer is based on the possibility of receptor targeting, because peptide receptors are often expressed in different human tumors. The neuropeptide galanin has also been suggested to be involved in the development of neuroendocrine tumors based on the development of estrogen-induced tumors in estrogen-sensitive rats. This study summarizes our current knowledge on the expression of galanin peptide and galanin receptors in different human neuroendocrine tumors.

Kit (CD117) immunoreactivity is rare in renal cell and upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas.

Objective: To investigate the presence of Kit (CD117), a transmembrane tyrosinase-kinase receptor, in primary and metastatic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs).

Materials And Methods: In human neoplasia, overexpression of Kit has been related to cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and control of apoptosis. If present, Kit may provide a suitable target for tumour therapy.

The pT1a and pT1b category subdivision in renal cell carcinoma: is it reflected by differences in tumour biology?

Objective: To assess systematically the possible differences in pathology between pT1a and pT1b renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), as the sixth edition of the Tumour-Nodes-Metastasis (TNM) system implemented a subdivision of category pT1 into pT1a (<4 cm) and pT1b (4-7 cm), based on clinical outcome analysis and the approach to therapy.

Patients And Methods: Conventional histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of several biomarkers were analysed in 66 patients with pT1a and 29 with pT1b RCCs, using a tissue microarray technique.

Results: After 2 years of follow-up, none of the 66 patients with pT1a and three of the 29 with pT1b tumours developed progressive disease.

HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: systematic analysis applying tissue microarray technique.

Objectives: To investigate HER2 (c-erbB-2) protein overexpression and HER2 gene amplification in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with respect to its association with tumor grade and stage, as well as the prognostic significance.

Methods: A total of 53 consecutive TCC specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically (HercepTest) and with fluorescence in situ hybridization applying a tissue microarray technique.

Results: Overall, HER2 immunoreactivity (expression) was detected in 28 of 53 TCC specimens and tended to be stronger in high-stage (8 [36%] of 22 pT1 versus 20 [65%] of 31 pT2-T3; P = 0.

Analysis of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor I receptor expression in renal cell carcinoma.

The expression of insulin-like growth factors I (IGF-I) and II (IGF-II) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) was studied in 137 clear cell, 23 chromophobe, and 20 papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using a tissue microarray technique. IGF-I immunoreactivity was detected in 110 (82.1%) of 134 clear cell, 8 (36%) of 22 chromophobe, and 3 (15%) of 20 papillary RCCs (P < .

Biological significance of p27 and Skp2 expression in renal cell carcinoma. A systematic analysis of primary and metastatic tumour tissues using a tissue microarray technique.

p27 (p27/kip1) is involved in cell-cycle control, and loss of p27 expression may result in tumour development and/or progression. Association with Skp2 targets p27 for degradation. Using a tissue microarray technique, 171 primary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and 58 RCC metastases were immunostained for p27 and Skp2.

Prognostic value of keratin subtyping in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

To investigate the prognostic value of keratin subtyping in invasive transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs), we performed a systematic study applying 15 different monoclonal keratin antibodies on 53 upper urinary tract TCCs using a tissue microarray technique. Immunoreactivity was correlated with pT stages and tumour grades using the Fisher's exact test. Impact on disease-free survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.

Expression of p27 and its ubiquitin ligase subunit Skp2 in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To analyze p27 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) expression in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with respect to biologic significance. p27 (p27/kip1) is involved in cell cycle control, and loss of p27 protein expression may result in tumor development and/or progression. The association of p27 with the ubiquitin ligase subunit Skp2 targets p27 for degradation.

Prognostic impact of p63 and p53 expression in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To analyze p63 and p53 immunoreactivity of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma with respect to prognosis. p63 is required for the differentiation of normal urothelium and is expressed in both non-neoplastic urothelium and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Methods: A total of 53 upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma specimens were investigated immunohistochemically using a tissue microarray technique.

Value of p53 as a prognostic marker in histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma: a systematic analysis of primary and metastatic tumor tissue.

Objectives: To investigate the histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with respect to differences in immunoreactivity for p53 and its impact on prognosis. The prognostic significance of p53 in RCC remains to be defined.

Methods: A total of 188 primary RCC and 58 RCC metastasis specimens were stained immunohistochemically for p53 overexpression using a tissue microarray technique.

Classification of sudden infant death (SID) cases in a multidisciplinary setting. Ten years experience in Styria (Austria).

Objective: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains a challenge for health professionals despite decreasing rates in recent years. The figures for different areas and time periods are hardly comparable, because of differences in postmortem investigations and classification criteria. In 1992, the European Society for the Study and Prevention of Infant Deaths (ESPID) proposed a classification for any sudden and unexpected death in infancy.