Structure of Rift Valley Fever Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) belongs to the order and is the type species of genus , which accounts for over 50% of family species. RVFV is mosquito-borne and causes severe diseases in both humans and livestock, and consists of three segments (S, M, L) in the genome. The L segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, L protein) that is responsible for facilitating the replication and transcription of the virus.

Structural Insight into Phospholipid Transport by the MlaFEBD Complex from P. aeruginosa.

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, which consists of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the outer leaflet and phospholipids (PLs) in the inner leaflet, plays a key role in antibiotic resistance and pathogen virulence. The maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) pathway is known to be involved in PL transport and contributes to the lipid homeostasis of the OM, yet the underlying molecular mechanism and the directionality of PL transport in this pathway remain elusive. Here, we reported the cryo-EM structures of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter MlaFEBD from P.

Structures of the β-barrel assembly machine recognizing outer membrane protein substrates.

β-barrel outer membrane proteins (β-OMPs) play critical roles in nutrition acquisition, protein import/export, and other fundamental biological processes. The assembly of β-OMPs in Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex, yet its precise mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report two structures of the BAM complex in detergents and in nanodisks, and two crystal structures of the BAM complex with bound substrates.

Cryo-EM structure of the nonameric CsgG-CsgF complex and its implications for controlling curli biogenesis in Enterobacteriaceae.

Curli play critical roles in biofilm formation, host cell adhesion, and colonization of inert surfaces in many Enterobacteriaceae. In Escherichia coli, curli biogenesis requires 7 curli-specific gene (csg) products-CsgA through G-working in concert. Of them, CsgG and CsgF are 2 outer membrane (OM)-localized components that consists of the core apparatus for secretion and assembly of curli structural subunits, CsgB and CsgA.

Crystal structures of REF6 and its complex with DNA reveal diverse recognition mechanisms.

Relative of Early Flowing 6 (REF6) is a DNA-sequence-specific H3K27me3/2 demethylase that contains four zinc finger (ZnF) domains and targets several thousand genes in . The ZnF domains are essential for binding target genes, but the structural basis remains unclear. Here, we determined crystal structures of the ZnF domains and REF6-DNA complex, revealing a unique REF6-family-specific half-cross-braced ZnF (RCZ) domain and two C2H2-type ZnFs.

Case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis presenting as necrotic migratory erythema successfully controlled by danazol.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare cutaneous disorder with cyclic skin eruptions during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Patients can present with various clinical manifestations, including urticaria and angioedema, erythema multiforme, eczema, fixed drug eruption and centrifugal erythema annulare. In our case, however, the patient's skin lesions mimic necrotic migratory erythema (NME) which is most commonly associated with glucagonoma and rarely with liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, malnutrition and other tumors.

FoxO1 enhances differentiation and apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes.

Forkhead box-O1 (FoxO1) is a key nutrient- and growth factor-dependent regulator of metabolism, but its functional role in human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) is less known. To investigate the role of FoxO1 in HPKs and effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and isotretinoin on FoxO1 expression, HPKs were treated with 1.2 mmol/L calcium chloride, 1-20 ng/mL IGF-1 and 0.

Differentiation Model Establishment and Differentiation-Related Protein Screening in Primary Cultured Human Sebocytes.

Sebocyte differentiation is a continuous process, but its potential molecular mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to establish a novel sebocyte differentiation model using human primary sebocytes and to identify the expression profiles of differentiation-associated proteins. Primary human sebocytes were cultured on Sebomed medium supplemented with 2% serum for 7 days.

Structure and function of cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase from Pichia pastoris.

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine, which is crucial for one carbon metabolism. Here, we report the first crystal structure of cytoplasmic SHMT from Pichia pastoris (pcSHMT) diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution in space group C222.

Structural Biology of the Arterivirus nsp11 Endoribonucleases.

Unlabelled: Endoribonuclease (NendoU) is unique and conserved as a major genetic marker in nidoviruses that infect vertebrate hosts. Arterivirus nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) was shown to have NendoU activity and play essential roles in the viral life cycle. Here, we report three crystal structures of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) nsp11 mutants.

Sox9 facilitates proliferation, differentiation and lipogenesis in primary cultured human sebocytes.

Background: The transcription factor Sox9 is pivotal in the morphogenesis of hair follicles, but its role in sebocytes is poorly understood.

Objective: We investigated the effect of Sox9 on human sebocyte proliferation, differentiation and lipogenesis.

Methods: Sox9 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in normal skin and acne lesion.

Mechanistic insights into metal ion activation and operator recognition by the ferric uptake regulator.

Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) plays a key role in the iron homeostasis of prokaryotes, such as bacterial pathogens, but the molecular mechanisms and structural basis of Fur-DNA binding remain incompletely understood. Here, we report high-resolution structures of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Fur in four different states: apo-Fur, holo-Fur, the Fur-feoAB1 operator complex and the Fur-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fur box complex. Apo-Fur is a transition metal ion-independent dimer whose binding induces profound conformational changes and confers DNA-binding ability.