Bridging experimental neuroscience and clinical neuropsychology: Fluid intelligence in frontal lobe assessments.

This viewpoint explores the gap between theoretical frameworks in experimental neuroscience and clinical neuropsychology. It highlights how John Duncan's theory of the Multiple Demand (MD) system, which links the frontal lobe to fluid intelligence (g), helps explain general performance on classical executive tests. However, it also discusses how traditional scores often fail to capture the complexity of behaviours associated with frontal lobe damage, and we suggest that developing improved scoring methods could be useful for integrating experimental and clinical neuropsychology insights.

The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact.

Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs.

Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of .

The development of new natural antibiotics is considered as the heart of several investigations in the nutraceutical field. In this work, leaves of L. treated by tropospheric ozone (O) and nitrogen (N) deposition, exhibited a clear antimicrobial efficacy against five multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (two gram-positive and three gram-negative).

Attentional ERPs in consumers of smoked and insufflated cocaine associated with neuropsychological performance.

Background: Cocaine consumption is associated with reduced attentional event-related potentials (ERPs), namely P3a and P3b, indicating bottom-up and top-down deficits respectively. At cognitive level, these impairments are larger for faster routes of administration (e.g.

The Brain Economy: Advancing Brain Science to Better Understand the Modern Economy.

The coming years are likely to be turbulent due to a myriad of factors or polycrisis, including an escalation in climate extremes, emerging public health threats, weak productivity, increases in global economic instability and further weakening in the integrity of global democracy. These formidable challenges are not exogenous to the economy but are in some cases generated by the system itself. They can be overcome, but only with far-reaching changes to global economics.

Twenty Years' Experience in Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Cancer in a Tertiary Referral Center.

: The aim of this article is to present a single-surgeon, open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) series for testicular cancer in a high-volume center. : We reviewed data from patients who underwent RPLND performed by an experienced surgeon at our institution between 2000 and 2019. We evaluated surgical and perioperative outcomes, complications, Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), Overall Survival (OS), and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS).

A case report of myoid gonadal stromal tumor treated with testis sparing surgery.

Background: Myoid gonadal stromal tumors (MGST) of the testis represent a very rare finding. They are an emerging clinicopathological entity with specific features and identity. Nowadays, pathological recognition and diagnosis of MGSTs still represents a difficult challenge in most cases and there are no data of specific radiological features of these tumors expect for what seen by ultrasound; besides a conservative surgical approach was never performed to treat these lesions.

Investing in Late-Life Brain Capital.

Within many societies and cultures around the world, older adults are too often undervalued and underappreciated. This exacerbates many key challenges that older adults may face. It also undermines the many positive aspects of late life that are of tremendous value at both an individual and societal level.

Psychological symptoms, mental fatigue and behavioural adherence after 72 continuous days of strict lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina.

Background: An early and prolonged lockdown was adopted in Argentina during the first wave of COVID-19. Early reports evidenced elevated psychological symptoms.

Aims: To explore if the prolonged lockdown was associated with elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms; if mental fatigue was associated with lockdown adherence (a phenomenon called 'behavioural fatigue'); and if financial concerns were associated with lockdown adherence and emotional symptoms.

Early onset consumption of coca paste associated with executive-attention vulnerability markers linked to caudate-frontal structural and functional abnormalities.

Coca paste is the most popular form of smoked cocaine (SC) in Latin America and also the most widespread among adolescents in vulnerable sectors of society, thus representing a significant public health concern. Despite evidence suggesting that abnormal executive-attention function is predictive of addiction to stimulant drugs, no study to date has compared clinically relevant neuropsychological (NPS) and physiological variables between individuals with histories of smoked cocaine dependence (SCD) and insufflated cocaine hydrochloride dependence (ICD). In this study we evaluated 25 SCD and 22 ICD subjects matched by poly-consumption profiles, and 25 healthy controls (CTR) matched by age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status.

Building brain capital.

Brains are indispensable drivers of human progress. Why not invest more heavily in them? We seek to place Brain Capital at the center of a new narrative to fuel economic and societal recovery and resilience.

Germination, root elongation, and photosynthetic performance of plants exposed to sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES): an emerging contaminant.

The anionic surfactant SLES (sodium lauryl ether sulfate) is an emerging contaminant, being the main component of foaming agents that are increasingly used by the tunnel construction industry. To fill the gap of knowledge about the potential SLES toxicity on plants, acute and chronic effects were assessed under controlled conditions. The acute ecotoxicological test was performed on Lepidum sativum L.

Sooner than you think: A very early affective reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine in Argentina.

The unique circumstances created by the COVID-19 pandemic pose serious challenges to mood stability and emotional regulation at all ages. Although many people tend to react resiliently to stress, others appear to display emotional anxiety and depression-related symptoms. In this study, we carried out a survey (N = 10,053) during the first week of the general lockdown (quarantine) in Argentina to measure early affective reactions in Argentine adults.

A Brain Capital Grand Strategy: toward economic reimagination.

‘I have not found among my possessions anything which I hold more dear than, or value so much as, my knowledge of the actions of great people, acquired by long experience in contemporary affairs, and a continual study of antiquity.’ The Prince, Machiavelli

Selection of tree species for forests under climate change: is PSI functioning a better predictor for net photosynthesis and growth than PSII?

A chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) assessment was carried out on oak seedlings (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus frainetto Ten.

The relationship between executive functions and fluid intelligence in multiple sclerosis.

Background & Objective: Deficits in cognitive functions dependent upon the integrity of the prefrontal cortex have been described in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In a series of studies we have shown that fluid intelligence (g) is a substantial contributor to frontal deficits and that, for some classical "executive" tasks, frontal deficits were entirely explained by g. However, for another group of frontal tasks deficits remained once g was introduced as a covariate.

Evaluating the reliability of neurocognitive biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases across countries: A machine learning approach.

Accurate early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases represents a growing challenge for current clinical practice. Promisingly, current tools can be complemented by computational decision-support methods to objectively analyze multidimensional measures and increase diagnostic confidence. Yet, widespread application of these tools cannot be recommended unless they are proven to perform consistently and reproducibly across samples from different countries.

Explicit and implicit monitoring in neurodegeneration and stroke.

Monitoring is a complex multidimensional neurocognitive phenomenon. Patients with fronto-insular stroke (FIS), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) show a lack of self-awareness, insight, and self-monitoring, which translate into anosognosia and daily behavioural impairments. Notably, they also present damage in key monitoring areas.

Robust automated computational approach for classifying frontotemporal neurodegeneration: Multimodal/multicenter neuroimaging.

Introduction: Timely diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remains challenging because it depends on clinical expertise and potentially ambiguous diagnostic guidelines. Recent recommendations highlight the role of multimodal neuroimaging and machine learning methods as complementary tools to address this problem.

Methods: We developed an automatic, cross-center, multimodal computational approach for robust classification of patients with bvFTD and healthy controls.

More than words: Social cognition across variants of primary progressive aphasia.

Although primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is clinically typified by linguistic impairments, emerging evidence highlights the presence of early deficits in social cognition. This review systematically describes the latter patterns, specifying their relation to the characteristic linguistic dysfunctions and atrophy patterns of non-fluent, semantic, and logopenic variants of the disease (nfvPPA, svPPA, and lvPPA, respectively), relative to closely related dementia types. Whereas the evidence on lvPPA proves scant, studies on nfvPPA and svPPA patients show consistent deficits in emotion recognition, theory of mind, and empathy.

Exposure to Residential Greenness as a Predictor of Cause-Specific Mortality and Stroke Incidence in the Rome Longitudinal Study.

Background: Living in areas with higher levels of surrounding greenness and access to urban green areas have been associated with beneficial health outcomes. Some studies suggested a beneficial influence on mortality, but the evidence is still controversial.

Objectives: We used longitudinal data from a large cohort to estimate associations of two measures of residential greenness exposure with cause-specific mortality and stroke incidence.

Impacts of air pollution on human and ecosystem health, and implications for the National Emission Ceilings Directive: Insights from Italy.

Across the 28 EU member states there were nearly half a million premature deaths in 2015 as a result of exposure to PM, O and NO. To set the target for air quality levels and avoid negative impacts for human and ecosystems health, the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD, 2016/2284/EU) sets objectives for emission reduction for SO, NOx, NMVOCs, NH and PM for each Member State as percentages of reduction to be reached in 2020 and 2030 compared to the emission levels into 2005. One of the innovations of NECD is Article 9, that mentions the issue of "monitoring air pollution impacts" on ecosystems.