Food Insecurity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Black and White US Individuals, 2000-2020.

Importance: Food insecurity is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), but studies have been limited to cross-sectional data.

Objectives: To study whether food insecurity is associated with incident CVD and to determine whether this association varies by sex, education, or race.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study was conducted among US adults without preexisting CVD participating in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study from 2000 to August 31, 2020.

Chronotype and Sleep Timing by Race-Gender: The CARDIA Sleep Study.

Chronotype indicates a person's "circadian preference," that is, the time of day when they prefer to perform certain activities (e.g. a "morning" vs "evening" person).

Associations Between Resistance Training and All-Cause Mortality: NHANES 1999-2006.

The 2nd recommends ≥2 days of resistance training (RT). Evidence supports a dose-response relation between RT volume and cardiometabolic health. We examined whether RT guidelines and volume were associated with lower all-cause mortality.

Associations of Neighborhood Food and Physical Activity Environments in Young Adulthood With Cardiovascular Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study.

Background: Adults who maintain ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) profiles up to midlife have lower risk of several chronic diseases and better quality of life. Some evidence suggests that individual-level exposures earlier in life shape midlife CVH, but the impact of neighborhood-level exposures over the life course remains understudied.

Methods And Results: Participants were 3017 Black and White men and women aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985-1986), recruited from Birmingham, Alabama; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; and Oakland, California, as part of the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study.

Shared Music Experiences During Bedside Neurosurgical Procedures: An ACGME-Sponsored Pilot Study on Fostering Patient-Clinician Alliance Through Music.

Background: Bedside procedures represent a substantial proportion of the neurosurgical resident's responsibilities. Although music interventions in healthcare have classically been employed for the benefit of the patient, there is evidence in support of its positive effects on healthcare workers as well.

Objectives: We aimed to create a novel framework-the shared music experience (SME)-which allows for patient and provider to discuss and mutually select a musical playlist during bedside procedural interventions.

The longitudinal association of adipose-to-lean ratio with incident cardiometabolic morbidity: The CARDIA study.

Aim: To assess the association of adipose-to-lean ratio (ALR) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia in middle adulthood.

Method: Black and White Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants without T2DM, hypertension, or dyslipidemia in 2005-06 (baseline) were included. Baseline adipose and lean mass were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Phase separation of SHP2E76K promotes malignant transformation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating mitochondrial complexes.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), suffering from diverse gene hits, undergo malignant transformation and aberrant osteochondral differentiation. Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, regulates multicellular differentiation, proliferation, and transformation. However, the role of SHP2 in MSC fate determination remains unclear.

Specificity, synergy, and mechanisms of splice-modifying drugs.

Drugs that target pre-mRNA splicing hold great therapeutic potential, but the quantitative understanding of how these drugs work is limited. Here we introduce mechanistically interpretable quantitative models for the sequence-specific and concentration-dependent behavior of splice-modifying drugs. Using massively parallel splicing assays, RNA-seq experiments, and precision dose-response curves, we obtain quantitative models for two small-molecule drugs, risdiplam and branaplam, developed for treating spinal muscular atrophy.

Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Events: Findings From the CARDIA Study.

Introduction: Higher levels of perceived stress are associated with adverse cardiovascular health. It is plausible that these associations are attenuated among individuals with positive psychological factors such as social support and health-enhancing behaviors. Therefore, this study examined longitudinal associations of chronic stress with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and whether social support and physical activity (PA) modify these associations.

Study protocol for a longitudinal observational study of disparities in sleep and cognition in older adults: the DISCO study.

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA and globally, has been shown to disproportionately affect the socioeconomically disadvantaged and those who identify as black or Hispanic/Latinx. Poor sleep is strongly associated with the development of vascular and metabolic diseases, which correlate with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, sleep may contribute to observed disparities in cognitive disorders.

Developing a privacy-preserving deep learning model for glaucoma detection: a multicentre study with federated learning.

Background: Deep learning (DL) is promising to detect glaucoma. However, patients' privacy and data security are major concerns when pooling all data for model development. We developed a privacy-preserving DL model using the federated learning (FL) paradigm to detect glaucoma from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Associations of FGF23 with 10-Year Change in eGFR and UACR and with Incident CKD in the CARDIA Cohort.

Key Points: FGF23 has a nonlinear positive association with incident CKD among healthy, middle-aged adults. The relationship between FGF23 and incident CKD was only significant among participants with cFGF23 levels in the highest quartile. FGF23 is not associated with 10-year change in eGFR or 10-year change in UACR among healthy, middle-aged adults.

Contribution of social, behavioral, and contextual exposures to Black-White disparities in incident obesity: The CARDIA study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the contributions of socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, reproductive, and neighborhood exposures in young adulthood to Black-White differences in incident obesity.

Methods: In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 4488 Black or White adults aged 18 to 30 years without obesity at baseline (1985-1986) were followed over 30 years. Sex-specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate Black-White differences in incident obesity.

Sclerotherapy of lower limb veins: Indications, contraindications and treatment strategies to prevent complications - A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology-2023.

Background: Sclerotherapy is a non-invasive procedure commonly used to treat superficial venous disease, vascular malformations and other ectatic vascular lesions. While extremely rare, sclerotherapy may be complicated by serious adverse events.

Objectives: To categorise contraindications to sclerotherapy based on the available scientific evidence.

Pediatric Glaucoma-From Screening, Early Detection to Management.

Pediatric glaucoma (PG) covers a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases with variable causes and presentations. Delayed diagnosis of PG could lead to blindness, bringing emotional and psychological burdens to patients' caregivers. Recent genetic studies identified novel causative genes, which may provide new insight into the etiology of PG.

Clinical outcomes in children and adolescents referred for increased cup:disk ratio at a tertiary referral center.

Purpose: To report clinical outcomes and risk factors for glaucoma in children and adolescents referred for increased cup:disk ratios (CDRs) to a tertiary referral center.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study examined all pediatric patients evaluated for increased CDR at Wills Eye Hospital. Patients who had previous known ocular disease were excluded.

Risk of Normal Tension Glaucoma Progression From Automated Baseline Retinal-Vessel Caliber Analysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between baseline retinal-vessel calibers computed by a deep-learning system and the risk of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) progression.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Three hundred and ninety eyes from 197 patients with NTG were followed up for at least 24 months.

Higher-order epistasis and phenotypic prediction.

Contemporary high-throughput mutagenesis experiments are providing an increasingly detailed view of the complex patterns of genetic interaction that occur between multiple mutations within a single protein or regulatory element. By simultaneously measuring the effects of thousands of combinations of mutations, these experiments have revealed that the genotype-phenotype relationship typically reflects not only genetic interactions between pairs of sites but also higher-order interactions among larger numbers of sites. However, modeling and understanding these higher-order interactions remains challenging.

Two Year Outcomes of Trabeculectomy in Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis with Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure.

Purpose: To describe the two-year outcome of trabeculectomy in cytomegalovirus(CMV) anterior uveitis(AU).

Methods: Records of 29 eyes of 29 consecutive CMV AU patients undergoing MMC-augmented trabeculectomy for uncontrolled IOP despite maximal tolerated topical medications were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment success was defined as IOP≤21 mmHg with same or reduced number of IOP-lowering medications compared to baseline, without systemic acetazolamide or further interventions for uncontrolled IOP.

Three-Dimensional Multi-Task Deep Learning Model to Detect Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy and Myopic Features From Optical Coherence Tomography Scans: A Retrospective Multi-Centre Study.

Purpose: We aim to develop a multi-task three-dimensional (3D) deep learning (DL) model to detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and myopic features (MF) simultaneously from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) volumetric scans.

Methods: Each volumetric scan was labelled as GON according to the criteria of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning, with a structural defect that correlated in position with the visual field defect (i.e.

Regulation of Malignant Myeloid Leukemia by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) has been proven to have benefits for both normal hematopoietic stem cell niche and pathological leukemic stem cell niche. In fact, the pathological leukemia microenvironment reprograms bone marrow niche cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells for leukemia progression, chemoresistance and relapse. The growth and differentiation of MSCs are modulated by leukemia stem cells.

Mapping Breast Cancer Microenvironment Through Single-Cell Omics.

Breast cancer development and progression rely not only on the proliferation of neoplastic cells but also on the significant heterogeneity in the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Its unique microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, complex myeloid cells, lipid-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other molecules that promote the growth and migration of tumor cells, has been shown to play a crucial role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of breast cancer. However, a detailed understanding of the complex microenvironment in breast cancer remains largely unknown.

Association of Exposure to Abuse, Nurture, and Household Organization in Childhood With 4 Cardiovascular Disease Risks Factors Among Participants in the CARDIA Study.

Background We investigated associations of childhood abuse with 4 cardiovascular disease risk factors in adulthood, and whether exposure to nurturing and household organization in childhood mitigated these associations. Methods and Results The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study (baseline examination, 1985-1986) was used to examine associations of childhood exposures (measured retrospectively at the year 15 examination) with incident obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (assessed from baseline to year 30). Race- and sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of exposure to childhood abuse with incident cardiovascular disease risk factors.