Alzheimers' disease and caregiving: a meta-analytic review comparing the mental health of primary carers to controls.

Objectives: To quantitatively review the literature comparing depressed mood, anxiety and psychological distress in caregivers (CGs) of older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with non-caregivers (NCGs) Methods: Eighteen independent studies comparing AD CGs (N = 2378) with NCGs (N = 70,035) were evaluated in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Standardised mean differences (Hedges' g) with associated 95% confidence intervals and p-values were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results: Studies generally conformed to STROBE criteria in terms of their methodological and procedural detail, although data management issues that may contribute to methodological bias were identified.

Phenotype Differentiation of FOXG1 and MECP2 Disorders: A New Method for Characterization of Developmental Encephalopathies.

Objective: To differentiate developmental encephalopathies by creating a novel quantitative phenotyping tool.

Study Design: We created the Developmental Encephalopathy Inventory (DEI) to differentiate disorders with complex multisystem neurodevelopmental symptoms. We then used the DEI to study the phenotype features of 20 subjects with FOXG1 disorder and 11 subjects with MECP2 disorder.

Familial recurrences of FOXG1-related disorder: Evidence for mosaicism.

FOXG1-related disorders are caused by heterozygous mutations in FOXG1 and result in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes including postnatal microcephaly, intellectual disability with absent speech, epilepsy, chorea, and corpus callosum abnormalities. The recurrence risk for de novo mutations in FOXG1-related disorders is assumed to be low. Here, we describe three unrelated sets of full siblings with mutations in FOXG1 (c.

Epilepsy and outcome in FOXG1-related disorders.

Objective: FOXG1-related disorders are associated with severe intellectual disability, absent speech with autistic features, and epilepsy. Children with deletions or intragenic mutations of FOXG1 also have postnatal microcephaly, morphologic abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and choreiform movements. Duplications of 14q12 often present with infantile spasms, and have subsequent intellectual disability with autistic features.

Pharmacy students' use of and beliefs about traditional healthcare.

Health professional students come from many different cultural backgrounds, and may be users of traditional healthcare (also known as ethnomedicine or folk medicine). This study aimed to explore New Zealand pharmacy students' knowledge and beliefs about traditional healthcare, and to examine whether these changed during the course. A questionnaire was administered to students in 2011 and again in 2013.

Replacement of bone marrow by bone in rat femurs: the bone bioreactor.

During development and repair of bone, two distinct yet complementary mechanisms, intramembranous and endochondral, mediate new bone formation via osteoblasts. Because mechanical bone marrow ablation leads to the rapid and transient formation of new bone in the marrow cavity, we postulated that parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is a bone anabolic hormone, enhances the formation of new bone that forms after marrow ablation. We subjected the left femur of rats to mechanical marrow ablation, or sham operation, and injected the animals daily with PTH or vehicle for 1, 2, or 3 weeks in a first experiment, then with PTH, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), or vehicle for 3 weeks in a second experiment.

Improved cell adhesion and proliferation on synthetic phosphonic acid-containing hydrogels.

Hydrogels with tissue-like mechanical properties are highly attractive scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, copolymers containing vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA) and acrylamide (AM) were tested for their swelling, protein uptake in serum supplemented medium, and cell adhesion and proliferation. The swelling of the gels in serum containing culture medium increased with increasing VPA content.