ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a rural Rwandan community: Carriage among community members, livestock, farm products and environment.

Objectives: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are spreading globally. However, respective data from African communities including livestock and environmental specimens are rare. In a rural community of southern Rwanda, we assessed intestinal carriage of ESBL-PE among residents and livestock as well as presence in household specimens and examined associated factors.