Publications by authors named "Mandy A Raifsnider"
Background: The need to add a lead(s) despite subclavian/innominate obstruction is increasing. Subclavian venoplasty may be a good alternative to the commonly employed options; however, there are few reports in the literature, and all are by interventional radiologists.
Objective: To describe the procedural details, results and safety of venoplasty by implanting physicians in a large group of consecutive patients.