An overview on the impact of viral pathogens on Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia which affects over than 60 million cases worldwide with higher incidence in low and middle-income countries by 2030. Based on the multifactorial nature of AD different risk factors are linked to the condition considering the brain's β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as its primary hallmarks. Lately, viral photogenes specially after recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has gained a lot of attention in promoting the neurodegenerative disorder such as AD based on their capacity to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, dysregulation of immune responses, and the impact on Aβ processing and phosphorylation of tau proteins.

A pan-cancer study of ADAM9's immunological function and prognostic value particularly in liver cancer.

A pan-cancer analysis summarizing the overall changes in mRNA and protein stability of ADM9, as well as its oncogenic function on immune cell line modulation and checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment (TME), is lacking, despite the fact that ADM9 up-regulation is correlated with the progression of many cancers. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively analyzed the role of ADAM9 expression and its prognostic value in different cancers to fill this gap. Multiple bioinformatics databases such as Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) were used to evaluate the ADAM9 genetic alternation, phosphorylation, and methylation, and indicated highly positive correlated genes that might play a critical interaction with ADAM9 and their molecular function with GO analysis.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified GBP2 connected to PPARα activity and liver cancer.

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths with a steadily increasing rate worldwide, as a well-known hallmark of liver cancer, metabolic alterations are related to liposomal changes, a common characteristic of primary liver cancers based on recent lipidomics studies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with important lipid homeostasis function, therefore we aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms and pathways that activate PPARα after using PPAR-α agonist WY-14643 and identify candidate biomarkers related to PPARα activity and evaluate their effects in liver cancer. The data from differently expressed genes (DEGs) between liver cancer tissue from obese subjects alone and liver tissue after treatment were evaluated by DESeq2 and module genes were analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Discovering the lipid metabolism-related hub genes of HCC-treated samples with PPARα agonist through weighted correlation network analysis.

Liver cancer is the 4th most lethal form of cancer with a poor prognosis for patients worldwide. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is related to FA oxidation alternation which can be modified by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). Therefore, it is important to identify the lipid metabolism-related genes regulated by PPARα in liver cancer.

Cinobufagin treatments suppress tumor growth by enhancing the expression of cuproptosis-related genes in liver cancer.

Cuproptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death triggered by excess copper (Cu) strongly influenced by the import, export, and intracellular utilization of Cu known as Cu homeostasis. Cinobufagin (CB) is a well-known Chinese medicine for its apoptosis-inducing role; however, its function on cuproptosis is poorly understood. To evaluate the effect of CB on inducing cell death through cuproptosis, we used RNA-seq data of HepG2-treated cells with CB to understand Cuproptosis genes.

The neuroinflammatory role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and their associated therapeutic targets.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main cause of dementia, is characterized by synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain are considered to be the initiating factors of AD. However, this hypothesis falls short of explaining many aspects of AD pathogenesis.

The emerging role of brain neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease.

As the most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurodegeneration and synaptic loss with an increasing prevalence in the elderly. Increased inflammatory responses triggers brain cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and accelerates the Aβ accumulation, tau protein hyper-phosphorylation leading to neurodegeneration. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the current understanding of how inflammation affects brain activity to induce AD pathology, the inflammatory biomarkers and possible therapies that combat inflammation for AD.

Interleukin-6 inhibitory effect of natural product naringenin compared to a synthesised monoclonal antibody against life-threatening COVID-19.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in 2020 with high patient mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome which is possibly induced by a Cytokine release syndrome and more specifically through an interleukin-6 (IL-6) booster. Currently, IL-6/IL-6R inhibitors indicated an effective function in reducing the inflammatory markers in severe COVID-19 patients. In this comprehensively narrative review, we searched online academic databases including (Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Pub Med), the relevant literature was extracted from the databases by using search terms of COVID-19, IL-6, and IL6 inhibitor as free-text words and also with the combination with OR/AND to summarise the latest discoveries on the inhibitors of IL-6 and its receptor's especially focussing on the role of natural product, Naringin (NAR) as a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, with considerable anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties in COVID-19 treatments.

Prospective role of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in GI cancer.

One of the mechanisms by which tumor cells can evade the immune system is over activation of the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) / programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. The binding of PD-1 to its ligand PD-L1 can trigger an inhibitory signal for reducing T-cell proliferation, inhibiting the anticancer effect of T cells, and limiting the anti-tumor immunity of effectors T cell responses to protect tissues from immune-mediated tissue damage in the tumor microenvironment (TME). PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have created a new pattern in cancer immunotherapy and can increase T cell- surveillance; therefore, the development of better clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can significantly enhance antitumor immunity and prolong survival in GI cancer patients.

A comprehensive review of the role of LINC00462 in human disorders.

LINC00462; a long intergenic non-coding RNA located on chromosome chr13:48,576,973-48,590,587 is a member of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that is participated in different human disorders such as pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. LINC00462 can act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), to sponge different MicroRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-665. Dysregulation of LINC00462 can promote cancer development, progression, and metastasis.

Simvastatin Therapy Increased miR-150-5p Expression in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19.

Background/aims: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a deadly infectious disease, especially for those with co-morbidities such as diabetes. People with diabetes developing a viral infection, seem to have harder treatments due to fluctuations in blood glucose levels therefore, effective therapeutic approaches need to be considered for them. Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs; they also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can impact on expression of microRNAs (miRNAs).

Exosomal noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer: An overview of functions, challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most threatening malignancy worldwide. Colorectal tumors transfer information with their tumor microenvironment (TME) and communicate together which can be detected through exosome transmission. Exosomes are important regulators made by different types of cells in all body fluids containing RNA, DNA, metabolites, and proteins.

The inhibitory role of stigmasterol on tumor growth by inducing apoptosis in Balb/c mouse with spontaneous breast tumor (SMMT).

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. Anti-apoptotic activity of cancer cells is considered the main reason for drug resistance in BC which reduces the 5-year survival rate of patients and is still considered the main obstacle for cancer therapy. Stigmasterol (SS) is natural phytosterols compound in the plant which has been proved to play an important role to lower cholesterol and inducing anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.

piRNAs and PIWI proteins as potential biomarkers in ‌Breast cancer.

Background: PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are another subgroup of small non-coding RNAs, that can play different biological activity further to their capabilities in the germline such as regulating the gene and protein expression, epigenetic silencing of transposable elements, and regulating the spermatogenesis by interacting with PIWI proteins.

Methods: We search online academic data bases including (Google Scholar, Web of Science and Pub Med), the relevant literature was extracted from the databases by using search terms of piRNAs and breast cancer  as free-text words and also with the combination with OR /AND by may 2022.

Results: Recently, with the help of next-generation sequencing abnormal piRNA expression has been observed to associate with the occurrence and development of human cancers, such as  breast cancer (BC).

Circular RNA circ_0051620 sponges miR-338-3p and regulates ADAM17 to promote the gastric cancer progression.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common threatening cancer-related death globally. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs play a critical role in various biological and pathogenesis processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of GC through sponging different miRNAs. However, the in-depth investigations of circRNAs in the progression of GC remains unclear, therefore in the current study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the circular RNA circ_0051620 in the progression of GC through spooning the miR-338-3p and ADAM17.

The function of novel small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs, tRFs) and PIWI protein in colorectal cancer.

Although great research has been done to clarify the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), it is still the third common cancer worldwide. Pathogenesis of CRC as a heterogeneous disease is correlated with mutations and epigenetic alterations that result in the inactivation of tumor-suppressive and activation of an oncogene. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), emerging as a key player in regulating the genes and protein expression, with a length less than 200 nucleotide (nt).

The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0005046 and hsa_circ_0001791 May Become Diagnostic Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Early Detection.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common lethal diseases in women worldwide. Recent evidence has shown that covalently closed Circular RNA (circRNA) deregulation is observed in different human malignancies and cancers. Lately, circRNAs are being considered as a new diagnostic biomarker; however, the mechanism and the correlation of action between circRNAs and BC are still unclear.