Osteoporosis in a Rural Community - Long-Term Effects of a Community Level Program of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation - A Prospective Observational Study.

In a defined geographic area in rural India (1,60,000 population), osteoporosis detection and calcium and vitamin D supplementation program was instituted. Of the eligible 15,386 subjects, 5,992 (38%) participated in the program; 2,882 (48%) had osteopenia and osteoporosis; supervised calcium and vitamin D supplementation was instituted; 2,113 (73.3% of those identified) completed 2 years of supplementation.

Biphasic Effect of Rifampicin on Bilirubin- A Case Report.

Drug induced hepatitis is a major problem which a physician encounters in his clinical practice. In view of increasing incidence of tuberculosis in our country a large number of infected individuals are started on Antituberculous (ATT) drugs and rifampicin is invariably part of the regimen. One of the major adverse effects of ATT drugs is drug- induced hepatitis which is characterized by elevation of liver enzymes and bilirubin.

No impact of dietary iodine restriction in short term development of hypothyroidism following fixed dose radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease.

Background: The increased incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease with increasing dietary iodine intake has been demonstrated both epidemiologically and experimentally. The hypothyroidism that occurs in the first year following radioactive iodine therapy is probably related to the destructive effects of the radiation and underlying ongoing autoimmunity.

Objective: To study the outcomes at the end of six months after fixed dose I, (131)therapy for Graves' disease followed by an iodine restricted diet for a period of six months.

Jasmine flower extract lowers prolactin.

Background: Antipsychotic drugs frequently cause amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. Jasmine flowers used topically were as effective as oral Bromocriptine in suppressing puerperal lactation. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal jasmine flower extract (JFE) to reduce prolactin levels of patients on stable doses of antipsychotic drugs.

Osteoporosis in healthy South Indian males and the influence of life style factors and vitamin d status on bone mineral density.

Objective. To study the prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency in healthy men and to explore the influence of various life style factors on bone mineral density (BMD) and also to look at number of subjects warranting treatment. Methods.

Derangements in bone mineral parameters and bone mineral density in south Indian subjects on antiepileptic medications.

Background: Although there are reports describing the association of alternations of bone and mineral metabolism in epileptic patients with long-term anticonvulsant therapy, there are only limited Indian studies which have looked at this aspect.

Objectives: This study was done to compare the prevalence of changes in bone mineral parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) in ambulant individuals on long-term anticonvulsant therapy with age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: There were 55 men (on medications for more than 6 months) and age- and BMI-matched 53 controls.

Back to the future: examining type 2 diabetic vasculature using the gestational diabetic placenta.

Understanding the association between the intrauterine hyperglycemic milieu and the development of adult diabetic vasculopathy is of particular relevance in India, where diabetes and vascular disease are prevalent. The gestational diabetes mellitus placenta is a valuable tool to examine blood vessels that have been exposed to hyperglycemic cues. We report an interesting observation in a cohort of gestational diabetes mellitus foetal placental vasculature from South India.

Calcium and vitamin D for osteoprotection in children with new-onset nephrotic syndrome treated with steroids: a prospective, randomized, controlled, interventional study.

Background: There are no robust guidelines on strategies to prevent the adverse skeletal effects of glucocorticoids in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of prophylactic calcium and vitamin D on bone health in children with new-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS) treated with short-term (12 weeks), high-dose glucocorticoids.

Methods: Prospective, randomized, controlled, single blind, interventional study conducted on 41 steroid-naïve pre-pubertal children (29 boys, 12 girls).

P.Arg82Leu von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutation among three members of a family with familial bilateral pheochromocytoma in India: molecular analysis and in silico characterization.

Various missense mutations in the VHL gene have been reported among patients with familial bilateral pheochromocytoma. However, the p.Arg82Leu mutation in the VHL gene described here among patients with familial bilateral pheochromocytoma, has never been reported previously in a germline configuration.

The role of urinary fractionated metanephrines in the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma.

Background & Objectives: Plasma and urinary metanephrines are used as screening tests for the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. The recommended cut-off levels are not standardized. This study was conducted to identify a cut-off level for 24 h urinary fractionated metanephrines viz.

High index of clinical suspicion with optimal surgical techniques and adjuvant radiotherapy is critical to reduce locoregional disease progression in parathyroid carcinoma.

Aims: We have analyzed the risk factors and the impact of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in reducing the locoregional recurrence of parathyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: Various parameters such as clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, surgical methods, and usage of parafibromin were analyzed. Selected endpoints were locoregional progression-free survival and overall survival.

Cause-specific mortality in diabetes: retrospective hospital based data from south India.

Background: India lacks comprehensive mortality data in individuals with diabetes. The present retrospective case-control study compared the causes of death in diabetic and non-diabetic inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in 2007.

Methods: Deaths in diabetic patients (n = 315) were compared with 307 randomly selected controls.

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipodystrophy: an objective definition based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived regional fat ratios in a South Asian population.

Objective: To develop an objective definition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy by using regional fat mass ratios and to assess the utility of anthropometric and skinfold measurements in the initial screening for lipodystrophy.

Methods: Male patients between 25 and 50 years old with proven HIV infection (highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]-naïve subjects and those receiving successful HAART) were studied and compared with body mass index (BMI)-matched HIV-negative control subjects. Anthropometric variables, body composition, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry findings, and metabolic variables were compared among the 3 study groups and between those patients with and those without lipodystrophy.

Predictors of osteodystrophy in patients with chronic nonalcoholic pancreatitis with or without diabetes.

Objective: To study bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D status, and bone mineral variables in patients with chronic nonalcoholic pancreatitis and to determine the relationship between pancreatic dysfunction and these variables.

Methods: Thirty-one eligible nonalcoholic men with proven chronic pancreatitis and 35 male control subjects were studied. Biochemical data, variables of malabsorption, and BMD of the lumbar spine were evaluated.

Hypovitaminosis D and bone mineral density in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men from India, with or without antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To study the vitamin D status and bone mineral density (BMD) in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a tertiary care center from southern India.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 35 HIV-infected men (between 20 and 50 years old) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (group 1) in comparison with 35 age- and body mass index-matched HIV-positive antiretroviral therapy-naïve men (group 2) and 35 HIV-negative healthy control subjects (group 3).

Results: A significantly greater proportion (P = .

A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of postoperative oral steroid in allergic fungal sinusitis.

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of postoperative oral steroid in controlling disease in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). The study design includes prospective, randomised, double blind,placebo-controlled trial using oral prednisolone.Twenty-four patients diagnosed with AFS underwent sinus surgery (endoscopic sinus surgery with or without open surgery) to completely excise disease.

Effects of pioglitazone on menstrual frequency, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in adoloscents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Objective: To study the clinical, metabolic and adverse effects of pioglitazone over a period of 6 months in obese adolescent and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Design: This was an open labeled study. Each patient served as her own control.

Prevalence of osteoporosis in ambulatory postmenopausal women from a semiurban region in Southern India: relationship to calcium nutrition and vitamin D status.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in healthy ambulatory postmenopausal Indian women as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and to study the dietary calcium intake and vitamin D status and their influence on bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in a semiurban region. A randomized cluster sampling technique was used.

Bilateral maxillary brown tumours as the first presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: Symptomatic skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism is over 30 times more common in India compared to the west. The classical "brown tumour" is commonly seen with the major sites being ends of long bones, the pelvis and ribs. Facial involvement is rare and, when present, usually involves the mandible.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma: a 20-year experience from a centre in South India.

Background: Management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) remains controversial despite many advances over the past five decades. We attempt to review the presentation, management and prognosis of MTC at our institution over the last two decades.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 40 patients with MTC over a period of 20 years.

Aetiological, clinical and metabolic profile of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in adults: a single-centre experience.

Background: Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis constitutes a heterogeneous group of disorders that present with acute muscular weakness. In this analysis, we discuss the aetiological factors that appear to be more common in the Indian population.

Methods: From 1995 to 2001, 31 patients presented with periodic paralysis (mean age 34.

Visual field defects in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Purpose: To report the prevalence and pattern of visual field loss in non-functioning pituitary adenomas and to study the relationship between the tumour size and severity of field defects.

Methods: Ninety-three patients with histologically confirmed pituitary adenomas, non-functional on hormonal assessment, underwent a complete ophthalmic assessment and automated perimetry using the HFA 30-2 programme. Defects with quadrantanopic or hemianopic characteristics, defined using criteria on the threshold/pattern deviation plots were considered typical.