Inhibiting De Novo Biosynthesis of Ceramide by L-Cycloserine Can Prevent Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Albino BALB/c Mice.

Retinal degenerative diseases lead to irreversible vision loss due to photoreceptor cell death, driven by complex genetic and environmental factors. Ceramide, a sphingolipid metabolite, emerges as a critical mediator in the apoptotic cascade associated with retinal degeneration. Our previous work demonstrated L-Cycloserine's ability to protect photoreceptor-derived cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting the de novo ceramide pathway and thus prompting further investigation on its effect in the in vivo retina.

C(sp)-H Acylation of Benzo[h]quinolines at Room Temperature via Aldehyde Autoxidation and Palladium Catalysis Cooperation.

Herein, we report Pd-catalyzed C(sp)-H acylation using aldehyde as acyl source and O as the green oxidant at room temperature. A selective association of acyl radical formed in-situ during aldehyde autoxidation with Pd-catalysis is the key to the process. The reaction afforded products in good yields (up to 82 %) and it is scalable.

Men's perception and participation in maternal and child health care in the field practice area of a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study from rural Bengal.

Introduction: Participation of men in maternal and child health (MCH) is crucial for the reduction of infant and maternal mortality. MCH care services have been focused on providing information and services to women, but males' behaviour and decisions affect the health of the child and mother.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the perception and participation of males in MCH care as well as, to identify the association of their perception and participation with socio-demographic characteristics and to find out the correlation between perception and participation regarding MCH care.

Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the US.

Precs: Socioeconomic status is a potentially significant, although difficult to isolate, factor in determining glaucoma severity.

Purpose: To analyze the level of glaucoma severity (mild, moderate, or severe) based on demographic factors, including age, gender, ethnicity, insurance profile, and zip code, and to use this data to extrapolate the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and race on glaucoma severity at the community level in Memphis, TN.

Patients And Methods: 2913 patients from a tertiary care center with three clinic locations in Memphis, TN who had been given the diagnosis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) through use of the ICD-10 codes for mild (H40.

Regioselective Electrochemical Construction of C-C Linkage at C5-C5' Position of 2-Oxindoles via an Intermolecular Anodic Dehydrogenative Coupling.

Applying electricity as a reagent in synthetic organic chemistry has attracted particular attention from synthetic chemists worldwide as an environmentally benign and cost-effective technique. Herein, we report the construction of the C-C linkage at the C5-C5' position of 2-oxindole utilizing electricity as the traceless oxidant in an anodic dehydrogenative homo-coupling process. A variety of 3,3-disubstituted-2-oxindoles were subjected to dimerization, achieving yields of up to 70 % through controlled potential electrolysis at an applied potential of 1.

Biomimetic total synthesis of the reported structure of (+)-selaginedorffone B.

The first enantioselective total synthesis of the reported structure of the structurally unique aromatic tetraterpenoid of anti-cancer potential, (+)-selaginedorffone B (2), has been accomplished from two modified abietane diterpenoids through an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction between a bio-inspired diene 3 (HOMO counterpart) and dienophile 4 (corresponding LUMO counterpart) in a 23-step sequence, whereas the core framework of the monomeric abietane diterpenoid was constructed alkyne-activated ene-cyclization. Computational analysis was conducted to reveal the intricate regio and diastereoselectivity of this novel Diels-Alder reaction, strengthening the experimental results. The absolute configuration of the synthesized molecule was validated through X-ray studies of late-stage intermediates as well as comprehensive 2D NMR analysis.

Microbial contributions to sustainable paddy straw utilization for economic gain and environmental conservation.

Paddy straw is a versatile and valuable resource with multifaceted benefits for nutrient cycling, soil health, and climate mitigation. Its role as a rich nutrient source and organic matter significantly enhances soil vitality while improving soil structure and moisture retention. The impact of paddy straw extends beyond traditional agricultural benefits, encompassing the promotion of microbial activity, erosion control, and carbon sequestration, highlighting its crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.

Reinforcing Tunnel Network Exploration in Proteins Using Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics.

Tunnels are structural conduits in biomolecules responsible for transporting chemical compounds and solvent molecules from the active site. They have been shown to be present in a wide variety of enzymes across all functional and structural classes. However, the study of such pathways is experimentally challenging, because they are typically transient.

Computational Insights into Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Anilide and Benzamide-Type [3+2] Annulation via Double C-H Bond Activation.

The mechanism of palladium-catalyzed annulation reactions of benzamide- and anilide-type aromatic systems with maleimides is investigated using density functional theory. Double C-H bond activation is key to forming the desired annulation product. The first C-H bond activation for anilide- and amide-type ligands can occur at the and benzylic C-H bonds, while the second C-H activation occurs at the carbon of the aromatic rings.

Incidence and outcomes of post-operative endophthalmitis following elective phacoemulsification cataract surgery, between 2015 and 2022.

Background: Cataract surgery remains the commonest ophthalmic surgical procedure in the UK. Post-operative endophthalmitis (POE) is a sight-threatening complication. This study presents the incidence and outcomes of POE within Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (MEH) in London, UK.

Ophthalmic Nanoemulsion Fingolimod Formulation for Topical Application.

Fingolimod (FTY720; FT), a structural analog of sphingosine, has potential ocular applications. The goal of this study was to develop an FT-loaded nanoemulsion (NE; FT-NE) formulation for the efficient and prolonged delivery of FT to the posterior segment of the eye through the topical route. FT-NE formulations were prepared using homogenization followed by the probe sonication method.

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: New Horizon in Endovascular Surgery in Bangladesh.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm remains mostly asymptomatic. It is usually detected incidentally with imaging studies. Here we present a 55 years old hypertensive, non smoker, non diabetic, male patient who was diagnosed as a case of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Sphingolipid changes in mouse brain and plasma after mild traumatic brain injury at the acute phases.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuroinflammation and can lead to long-term neurological dysfunction, even in cases of mild TBI (mTBI). Despite the substantial burden of this disease, the management of TBI is precluded by an incomplete understanding of its cellular mechanisms. Sphingolipids (SPL) and their metabolites have emerged as key orchestrators of biological processes related to tissue injury, neuroinflammation, and inflammation resolution.

Amelioration of Fibrosis via S1P Inhibition Is Regulated by Inactivation of TGF-β and SPL Pathways in the Human Cornea.

Human corneal fibrosis can lead to opacity and ultimately partial or complete vision loss. Currently, corneal transplantation is the only treatment for severe corneal fibrosis and comes with the risk of rejection and donor shortages. Sphingolipids (SPLs) are known to modulate fibrosis in various tissues and organs, including the cornea.

Unlocking Enantioselectivity: Synergy of 2-Pyridone and Chiral Amino Acids in Pd-Catalyzed β-C(sp)-H Transformations.

Enantioselective C(sp)-H activation has garnered significant attention in synthetic and computational chemistry. Chiral transient directing groups (TDGs) hold promise for enabling Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp)-H functionalization. Despite the interest in this strategy, it presents a challenge because the stereogenic center on the chiral TDG is frequently distant from the C-H bond, leading to a mixture of functionalized products.

Genomic insight of phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion of two taxonomically distinct winter crops by Enterobacter sp. DRP3.

Aims: Study of rhizospheric microbiome-mediated plant growth promotional attributes currently highlighted as a key tool for the development of suitable bio-inoculants for sustainable agriculture purposes. In this context, we have conducted a detailed study regarding the characterization of phosphate solubilizing potential by plant growth-promoting bacteria that have been isolated from the rhizosphere of a pteridophyte Dicranopteris sp., growing on the lateritic belt of West Bengal.

Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and Eicosanoids on Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids via three different metabolic pathways. This study profiled tear PUFAs and their metabolites and examined the relationships with dry eye (DE) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) symptoms and signs. A total of 40 individuals with normal eyelids and corneal anatomies were prospectively recruited.

Plasma Ceramides and Other Sphingolipids in Relation to Incident Prediabetes in a Longitudinal Biracial Cohort.

Context: Sphingolipids are linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that plasma sphingolipid profiles predict incident prediabetes.

Design: A case-control study nested in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort study, a 5-year follow-up study.

Sphingolipid biosynthetic inhibitor L-Cycloserine prevents oxidative-stress-mediated death in an in vitro model of photoreceptor-derived 661W cells.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Retinal degeneration causes irreversible death of photoreceptor cells, ultimately leading to vision loss. Under oxidative stress, the synthesis of bioactive sphingolipid ceramide increases, triggering apoptosis in photoreceptor cells and leading to their death.