A case of Vibrio pelagius in a child with inflammatory bowel disease.

We describe a rare case of an eleven-year-old child with undiagnosed underlying Crohn's disease who contracted Vibrio pelagius. Though the exact source remained undetermined, the child may have acquired it through infected sea food. Automated system failed to exactly identify the isolated organism; we used detailed biochemical tests for identification.

Pyuria in hospitalized general medical patients without urinary tract infection.

Urine microscopy for detecting pus cells is a common investigation ordered in hospitalized general medical patients as part of routine care. A few previous studies have shown that sterile pyuria is not uncommon in this population. We studied the prevalence of pyuria among patients hospitalized with non-urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis in the medical wards.

Trends and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoeal pathogens - experience over 14 years in southern India.

. Enteric pathogens contribute significantly to morbidity in a developing country such as India. Early and prompt diagnosis of diarrhoeal diseases can reduce the mortality rate, particularly in children.

Changing epidemiological trend of Aeromonas species and ciprofloxacin sensitivity in South India.

Aeromonas species can cause a wide range of clinical infections. Several reports of drug resistance among the Aeromonas species have been reported, but our observations have differed. Here we present the changing susceptibility pattern of antibiotics for Aeromonas species over 14 years (January 2010-February 2024) at a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with carcinoma pancreas-a case report and literature review, 2020-2023.

Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae, a comparably poorly studied pathogen is culpable of sporadic but serious infections. We report a case of non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae septicemia in a middle aged male recently diagnosed with carcinoma pancreas. He underwent biliary tract interventional procedure for hematemesis three weeks before the presentation.

Burden of biocide resistance among multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Most studies on biocide resistance and its genetic determinants arise from environmental or food-borne microbial isolates and only a few from clinically relevant isolates.

Objectives: This study determines the proportion of biocide resistance against five commonly used biocides and detects biocide resistance genes among MDR bacterial isolates using PCR.

Methods: Consecutive MDR isolates (n ​= ​180) were included (30 each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus species) from clinical specimens of various inpatient units at JIPMER.

Exploring the use of Congo red agar in improving the serotyping of non-serotypeable Shigella with In-silico evidence.

Objectives: To assess if congo red could make non-serotypeable Shigella strains serotypeable and to employ molecular docking to determine the basis of the same phenomenon.

Methods: We used 42 bacterial strains of non-serotypeable Shigella collected from 2012 to 2019 for this study. Each bacterial strain was freshly inoculated onto congo red agar and incubated at 37° C for 18-24 h.

Bacteriuria due to Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonella: A Report of Three Cases from South India.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) with Salmonella is uncommon, accounting for merely 0.01% to 0.1% of cases of UTIs.

CRISPR- heterogeneity and plasmid incompatibility types in relation to virulence determinants of .

. Virulence factors (VFs) are the most potent weapon in the molecular armoury of . In bacteria, the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are contributors to the evolution of different types of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated genes (CRISPR-) variants and plasmid incompatibility types.

An outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis food poisoning following consumption of chicken shawarma: A brief epidemiological investigation.

Background: Shawarma, a popular meat-based fast food could be a source of foodborne outbreak due to non-typhoidal (NTS). A clustering of acute gastrointestinal (GI) illness following intake of chicken shawarma occurred primarily among the staff and students of a tertiary care hospital in southern India.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 348 undergraduate medical students (33 cases, 315 controls).

Azithromycin can induce SOS response and horizontal gene transfer of SXT element in Vibrio cholerae.

Background: The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae are mainly attributed to horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements, especially the SXT (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) element, an integrative conjugative element carrying multiple drug resistance genes. SOS (save our souls) bacterial stress response in Vibrio cholerae plays a pivotal role in inducing the SXT element transfer and induction of the CTX prophage, carrying the important virulence factor cholera toxin encoded by the ctxAB gene.

Methods: This study investigated whether the subinhibitory concentration of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and azithromycin induce SOS response by detecting the expression of recA and lexA, the key genes of SOS response by reverse transcriptase real time PCR (RT-qPCR).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-care Nitrite and Leukocyte Esterase Dipstick Test for the Screening of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections.

Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of point-of-care nitrite and leukocyte esterase (LE) dipsticks in the diagnosis of suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants <6 months (young infants) versus older children. The secondary objectives were to study the dipstick efficacy in children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) versus those without CAKUT; in children with simple UTI versus complicated UTI; and to evaluate the clinico-microbiological profile of children presenting with UTI. In this prospective observational study, cases with suspected UTI were enrolled from pediatric emergency or outpatient departments.

Clostridioides difficile Diarrhea: An Emerging Problem in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.

infection (CDI) is one of the most common infectious causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The actual burden of the disease is underestimated in India due to inadequate diagnostic methods and limited studies conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and risk factors of CDI among patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea.

Surveillance Stool Culture and its Association with Microbiologically Documented Infection During Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Acute Leukemia (AL) Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy.

The study aimed at identifying the profile of gut colonization of patients with acute leukemia who underwent induction chemotherapy and its association with induction events and outcome. Baseline bacterial stool culture with resistance pattern of isolates were recorded. Multi-drug resistance was defined as resistance to at least two antibiotic classes including beta lactam and fluoroquinolones.

Diarrhea and Acute Tubular Necrosis Mimicking Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Man With Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic hematuria to advanced renal failure. A young male diagnosed with IgA vasculitis (skin, joints, and gastrointestinal) one month ago and placed on oral steroids presented with acute diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, renal failure (non-dialysis requiring), altered sensorium, and thrombocytopenia. The stool was found to be positive for Shiga toxin.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria among medical inpatients: Data from an Indian teaching hospital.

Studies indicate that asymptomatic bacteriuria in medical inpatients is often inappropriately treated with antibiotics. We prospectively studied the proportion of asymptomatic bacteriuria among 200 positive urine cultures which were ordered in hospitalised medical inpatients of a teaching hospital in southern India. We used pre-defined criteria to classify patients as urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

In-vitro study of the effect of Centella asiatica on cholera toxin production and the gene expression level of ctxA gene in Vibrio cholerae isolates.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb or Indian pennywort is a plant of ethnopharmacological relevance, commonly called as Brahmi in South India known for its antimicrobial property in gut and for the treatment of other gut ailments. Natural anti-virulence drugs that disarm pathogens by directly targeting virulence factors or the cell viability and are thus preferred over antibiotics as these drugs impose limited selection pressure for resistance development.

Reevaluating the true diagnostic accuracy of dipstick tests to diagnose urinary tract infection using Bayesian latent class analysis.

Objective: Previous studies on diagnostic accuracy of dipstick testing for leukocyte esterase (LE) and nitrite to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) had used urine culture, which is an imperfect gold standard. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy obtained using the classical gold standard framework might not reflect the true diagnostic accuracy of dipstick tests.

Methods: We used the dataset from a prospective, observational study conducted in the emergency department of a teaching hospital in southern India.

Evaluation of LAMP for detection of from stool samples in children.

Background: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of from stool samples from children.

Methods: Consecutive stool samples from children aged <13 years old who presented with acute watery diarrhoea or dysentery to the Department of Paediatrics were collected and processed in the Department of Microbiology. All the stool samples were subjected to culture, conventional PCR and LAMP.

Use of fosfomycin combination therapy to treat multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection among paediatric surgical patients - a tertiary care centre experience.

With increasing resistance to currently used antibiotics, antibiotic combinations are being resorted to. The present study deals with five children with complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) whose urine cultures grew multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. In all of these five cases, MDR organisms were the causative agents for UTI and the currently available antibiotics, including colistin, were ineffective, although the organisms were sensitive .

Impact of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring on Once-Daily Regimen of Amikacin in Patients With Urinary Tract Infection: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Amikacin is a semisynthetic antibiotic used in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections and has a narrow therapeutic index. Although therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended for amikacin, it is not routinely performed because of the use of a less toxic once-daily regimen. Only few studies have evaluated the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients treated with amikacin.

Haitian-like genetic traits with creeping MIC of Azithromycin in O1 isolates from Puducherry, India.

The emergence of novel strains of O1 El Tor biotype has gained attention due to causing several epidemics around the world. Variant strains have evolved as a result of the acquisition of genes that confer extended virulence and pathogenicity. This study aimed to determine the presence of the most recently emerging Haitian-like genetic traits among the isolates from Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, Southern India.

An experimental study of the effect of fosfomycin in combination with amikacin, ciprofloxacin or meropenem on biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant urinary isolates of .

. This study was conducted to understand the effect of fosfomycin in combination with amikacin, ciprofloxacin or meropenem on biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant urinary isolates of . Fifty urinary tract multidrug-resistant isolates that were known biofilm producers were studied.