Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional hand hygiene approach over 13 years in 51 cities of 19 limited-resource countries from Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional hand hygiene approach in 19 limited-resource countries and to analyze predictors of poor hand hygiene compliance.

Design: An observational, prospective, cohort, interventional, before-and-after study from April 1999 through December 2011. The study was divided into 2 periods: a 3-month baseline period and a 7-year follow-up period.

Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Part II: Impact of a multidimensional strategy to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal intensive care units in 10 developing countries.

Design. Before-after prospective surveillance study to assess the efficacy of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control program to reduce the rate of occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Setting.

Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Part I: Effectiveness of a multidimensional infection control approach on catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates in pediatric intensive care units of 6 developing countries.

Design: A before-after prospective surveillance study to assess the impact of a multidimensional infection control approach for the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates.

Setting: Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) of hospital members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from 10 cities of the following 6 developing countries: Colombia, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Philippines, and Turkey.

Patients: PICU inpatients.

Predictors of operative mortality following primary coronary artery bypass surgery.

Background: Although quality assessment of coronary artery patients can be done by 30 days risk-adjusted operative mortality, it is still insufficient to study the outcome after primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). In our study, we attempted to determine the factors, which can help predict operative mortality before and after CABG.

Methods: The study population consisted of 1000 prospective patients who underwent primary isolated CABG.

Resistance in gram-negative bacilli in a cardiac intensive care unit in India: risk factors and outcome.

The objective of this study was to compare the risk factors and outcome of patients with preexisting resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB) with those who develop sensitive GNB in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). Of the 3161 patients ( n=3,161) admitted to the ICU during the study period, 130 (4.11%) developed health care-associated infections (HAIs) with GNB and were included in the cohort study.

Nosocomial infections and balloon counterpulsation: risk factors and outcome.

Between February and September 2003, 136 (5.3%) of 2,558 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were supported with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. There were 71 infected (group 1) and 65 noninfected (group 2) patients.

Central venous catheter-related blood stream infections: incidence, risk factors, outcome, and associated pathogens.

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors, outcome, and pathogens of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CVC-BSIs).

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia: Incidence, risk factors, outcome, and microbiology.

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors, outcome, and pathogens of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit (ICU).

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.