Body composition and metabolic consequences of antibiotics most frequently administered to newborns in intensive care units: an experimental study in healthy newborn rats.

Introduction: The increasing overuse of antibiotics in recent years has led to antibiotics being the most prescribed drugs for pediatric patients, and 72% of patients in the neonatal intensive care unit are treated with antibiotics. One effect of antibiotic use is the alteration of the microbiota, which is associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity.

Methods: This experimental study in newborn rats compared the administration of ampicillin/meropenem (Access/Watch groups) at 100/10 μg/g every 12 h, cefotaxime 200 μg/g every 24 h (Watch group), and amikacin 15 μg/g every 24 h (Access group) versus saline solution as the control.

A Review Study of the Participation of Late Domains in Sorting and Transport of Viral Factors to Exosomes.

Cellular communication depends heavily on the participation of vesicular systems generated by most cells of an organism. Exosomes play central roles in this process. Today, these vesicles have been characterized, and it has been determined that the cargo they transport is not within a random system.

Perinatal mental health and recommendations for integral care in gyneco-obstetric hospitals.

Mental health is defined as the ability by which individuals recognize their own abilities and cope with the normal stress of life, work productively and fruitfully, contribute to their communities and enjoy the greatest possible well-being. Therefore, it is essential as a part of the health of the individual and its constant evaluation. Recently, special attention has been drawn to the study of the mental health of women, given the greater probability to suffer depression and anxiety disorders during and after pregnancy.

Epidemiological analysis of perinatal depression.

Perinatal depression is a commonly underdiagnosed problem which not only severely affects maternal mental and physical health, but also affects the newborn on a physical, mental and cognitive level with serious repercussions on adult life. Despite efforts to obtain useful information to dimension the problem, most experts in the field agree that this disorder is more frequent than estimated. Thus, the improvement in obtaining information on perinatal mental health will not only allow for a better dimensioning of the problem, but will also allow for better decision making in public mental health to reduce morbidity and mortality and the burden of disease associated with perinatal depression.

COVID-19 patients with increasing age experience differential time to initial medical care and severity of symptoms.

We conducted a retrospective observational study in patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who received medical care in 688 COVID-19 ambulatory units and hospitals in Mexico City between 24 February 2020 and 24 December 2020, to study if the elderly seek medical care later than younger patients and their severity of symptoms at initial medical evaluation. Patients were categorised into eight groups (<20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years). Symptoms at initial evaluation were classified according to a previously validated classification into respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms.

Efficacy of water-based vitamin E solution versus placebo in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: A randomized clinical trial.

Background:: Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, which help in scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidation of lipids and proteins. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E supplementation in preventing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and decreasing oxidative stress 15 and 28 days post-intervention.

Methods:: Ninety VLBW infants were randomly assigned to two groups: 1.

Breastfeeding and COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all dimensions of health care, including exclusive breastfeeding assurance and its promotion. The risk of contagion and the consequences of the pandemic have raised concerns among future mothers or in those who are already breastfeeding due to the risk of possible transmission of the virus through breast milk, although active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not yet been detected in breast milk. The fear of contagion has favored mother-child isolation policies.

CD71 Erythroid Cells in Human Neonates Exhibit Immunosuppressive Properties and Compromise Immune Response Against Systemic Infection in Neonatal Mice.

Newborns are highly susceptible to infectious diseases. The underlying mechanism of neonatal infection susceptibility has generally been related to their under-developed immune system. Nevertheless, this notion has recently been challenged by the discovery of the physiological abundance of immunosuppressive erythroid precursors D71rythroid ell (CECs) in newborn mice and human cord blood.

Neurophysiological Mechanisms Related to Pain Management in Bone Tumors.

Background: Primary and metastatic bone tumor incidence has increased in the previous years. Pain is a common symptom and is one of the most important related factors to the decrease of quality of life in patients with bone tumor. Different pain management strategies are not completely effective and many patients afflicted by cancer pain cannot be controlled properly.

Epidemiological behavior and current forecast of syphilis in Mexico: increase in male population.

Objectives: Even when new cases of syphilis are notifiable since 1944, the Mexican National Epidemiological Surveillance System lacks information on the changes of the rate of case reports considering the geographic and demographic variables. Therefore, it is necessary to have evidence, with particular attention to the study of the epidemiological behavior by the identification of risk factors and groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiology, geographical distribution, and forecast of syphilis in Mexico.

Factors associated with death in children with COVID-19 in Mexico.

Introduction: Most children affected by SARS-CoV-2 are reported to be asymptomatic, and COVID-19-related mortality in them is low; in Mexico, there is a lack of information on the subject in this population group.

Objective: To assess the risk factors associated with mortality in Mexican children with COVID-19.

Method: Secondary analysis of the General Directorate of Epidemiology database.

Multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of leukocyte markers for diagnosis in preterm neonatal sepsis.

Purpose: Neonatal sepsis is an important public health concern worldwide due to its immediate lethality and long-term morbidity rates, Clinical evaluation and laboratory analyses are indispensable for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. However, assessing multiple biomarkers in neonates is difficult due to limited blood availability. The aim is to investigate if the neonatal sepsis in preterm could be identified by multiparameter analysis with flow cytometry.

Medical Outcomes in Women Who Became Pregnant after Vaccination with a Virus-Like Particle Experimental Vaccine against Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Tested during 2009 Pandemic Outbreak.

The clinical effects and immunological response to the influenza vaccine in women who later become pregnant remain to be thoroughly studied. Here, we report the medical outcomes of 40 women volunteers who became pregnant after vaccination with an experimental virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine against pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 (influenza A(H1N1)pdm09) and their infants. When included in the VLP vaccine trial, none of the women were pregnant and were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) placebo, (2) 15 μg dose of VLP vaccine, or (3) 45 μg dose of VLP vaccine.

The role of complement in preterm birth and prematurity.

Complications of preterm birth (PTB) are the global leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age. Almost 15 million children are born prematurely in the world each year. Increasing evidence suggests that labor and delivery have many hallmarks of an inflammatory reaction, where complement activation has an active participation.

Morbidity Trends and Risk of Tuberculosis: Mexico 2007-2017.

Background: To know the current status of the epidemiological and geographic distribution of tuberculosis and its complication meningeal tuberculosis in Mexico, this work analyzes national surveillance data (ten years) issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE).

Methods: An observational and retrospective analysis of monthly and annual reports of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis cases from January 2007 to December 2017 was performed on the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico. The number of cases and incidence were classified by year, state, age group, gender, and seasons.

Evolution of incidence and geographical distribution of Chagas disease in Mexico during a decade (2007-2016).

Chagas disease, whose aetiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, mainly occurs in Latin America. In order to know the epidemiology and the geographical distribution of this disease in Mexico, the present work analyses the national surveillance data (10 years) for Chagas disease issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE). An ecological analysis of Chagas disease (2007-2016) was performed in the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico.

T-cell tolerance as a potential effect of congenital leishmaniasis on offspring immunity.

Congenital transmission of leishmaniasis is recognized in cases detected by passive surveillance. Most cases are from low-resource countries, limiting the study of several important aspects of this route of infection, including the offspring's immune response. Studies on natural and experimentally infected animals suggest that parasites might be transmitted to the embryo or foetus at any time during pregnancy.

Enteral Docosahexaenoic Acid Reduces Analgesic Administration in Neonates Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery.

Background: Neonates undergoing surgery require analgesic medication to ameliorate acute pain. These medications produce negative side effects. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has an antinociceptive effect in animals, but this has not been evaluated in human neonates.

Beneficial Effects of Enteral Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Markers of Inflammation and Clinical Outcomes of Neonates Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery: An Intervention Study.

Background: Neonates undergoing surgery are at risk for uncontrolled inflammatory response and adverse clinical outcomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates inflammation, improving clinical outcomes. However, its effect has not been evaluated in neonates undergoing surgery.

Inflammatory Response in Preterm and Very Preterm Newborns with Sepsis.

The response of the adaptive immune system is usually less intense in premature neonates than term neonates. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether immunological parameters vary between preterm (PT) neonates (≥32 weeks of gestational age) and very preterm (VPT) neonates (<32 weeks of gestational age). A cross-sectional study was designed to prospectively follow PT and VPT neonates at risk of developing sepsis.

Blood SC5b-9 complement levels increase at parturition during term and preterm labor.

We explored the hypothesis that complement, an innate and adaptive immune effector, is active in the plasma of parturient women and is deposited on fetal membranes collected after delivery. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate complement activity at parturition. Pregnant women (n = 97) between 15 and 41 years of age were enrolled in a hospital protocol during the perinatal period to assess both SC5b-9 complement activity in blood and complement deposition on fetal membranes during parturition.

Pregnant women infected with pandemic H1N1pdm2009 influenza virus displayed overproduction of peripheral blood CD69+ lymphocytes and increased levels of serum cytokines.

The first pandemic of the 21st century occurred in 2009 and was caused by the H1N1pdm influenza A virus. Severe cases of H1N1pdm infection in adults are characterized by sustained immune activation, whereas pregnant women are prone to more severe forms of influenza, with increased morbi-mortality. During the H1N1pdm09 pandemic, few studies assessed the immune status of infected pregnant women.